The durability and strength of concrete in construction can be significantly compromised by permeability issues, which pose considerable challenges to its long-term effectiveness and reliability. By analyzing six selected articles from the Scopus database, this study meticulously synthesizes findings on the effectiveness of CAs in improving these essential properties of concrete. The research meticulously documents and analyzes key variables such as the CA dosage, water–cement ratio, evaluation duration, and treatment conditions, providing a thorough understanding of the factors that influence the performance of CAs in concrete. The results robustly indicate that CAs significantly reduce concrete permeability, thereby enhancing its resistance to water and other detrimental substances, and simultaneously boosts the compressive strength, leading to stronger and more durable concrete structures. However, the study also reveals that the impact of CAs can vary considerably depending on the specific conditions and methodologies employed in the individual studies. This underscores the importance of standardized testing procedures to ensure consistent and comparable results across different studies. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing the use of CAs in concrete formulations, ultimately aiming to improve the durability, performance, and sustainability of concrete in construction applications.

Lean Construction has emerged as a transformative approach in the construction industry, emphasizing efficiency, waste reduction, and continuous improvement. This review presents a bibliometric analysis of Lean Construction research from the past two decades, focusing on the evolution, core themes, and contributions to sustainable development. Using the Scopus database and VOSviewer, 4,905 documents were analyzed to identify the most relevant keywords, key research trends, and their alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis revealed that Lean Construction is closely linked with concepts such as waste management, sustainability, project management, and Building Information Modeling (BIM), underscoring its potential to contribute to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The study also highlights the challenges of global implementation, such as varying construction practices, resistance to change, and limited access to technology in certain regions. Despite these challenges, the integration of Lean principles offers significant opportunities to improve efficiency and sustainability in the construction sector.