Background. Among spring cereals, oat is one of the main grain crops in Siberia. The aim of this study was to determine how the parameters of adaptability in oat cultivars are correlated with yield and basic indicators of grain quality.Material and methods. The studies were carried out from 2011 to 2019 in the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia. The content of protein, crude fat and starch in grain, and its hull content were measured according to B. V. Pleshkov and N. S. Berkutova. Mathematical processing was performed following the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov, S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell.Results. There was a significant variation in grain yield and grain quality (CV > 20%) in oat cultivars due to a high contribution from the conditions of the year (26.7...80.9%) as well as a strong direct (r = 0,607...0.825) or strong reverse (r = –0.660...–0.994) conjugation with climatic factors. As the protein content in grain increased, starch, oil (r = 0.960...0.962) and hull content (r = 0.442) increased as well. Naked oat cultivars manifested higher grain quality (4.6% protein, 17.6% starch, and 2.2% crude fat) and reduced yield (–1.45 t/ha) compared with hulled oat cultivars.Conclusion. Increased plasticity (bi) and stability (σ²_d) of oat cultivars contributed to higher yields (r_bi = 0.943;r_σ2d = 0.344) but reduced grain quality indicators (r_bi = –0.697…–0.812;r_σ2d = –0.270…–0.300). Hull content in plastic cultivars decreased (r_bi = –0.201).

Background. The barley collection at the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), being the main source of source material for breeding, is insufficiently studied under conditions of extreme continental climate. The purpose of the research was to assess the adaptability of barley cultivars held by VIR to extreme continentality.Material and methods. The research targets were 24 barley cultivars representing various breeding centers and tolerance regions of Russia. The cultivar ‘Omsky 91’ developed at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center was used as the reference.Results and discussion. According to the genetic profiles for alleles of hordein-coding loci, provided by the Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, more than 70% of the studied barley cultivars (‘Chelyabinsky 99’, ‘Priazovsky 9’, ‘Zadel’, ‘Sokol’, ‘Zernogradsky 584’, ‘Zadonsky 8’, ‘Khadzhibey’, ‘Beatrice’, ‘Knyazhich’, ‘Zevs’, ‘Kazak’) were linear in their hordein-coding loci. The homeostasis of the cultivars, their stability indices and plasticity levels were calculated. Their intensity measures and selection differentials were determined.Conclusion. The adaptability assessment based on the sum of ranks (calculated using the abovementioned adaptability parameters) showed that the monomorphic cultivars ‘Priazovsky 9’ and ‘Chelyabinsky 99’ as well as cv. ‘Severyanin’ (not listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements) were most adapted to extreme continental climate conditions (sums of ranks ranged from 8 to 29). The adaptability of the identified cultivars was confirmed by high-yielding hybrid populations produced from crossing the selected adaptable cv. ‘Chelyabinsky 99’ with cvs. ‘Omsky 91’ and ‘Omsky 95’ released by Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The obtained lines demonstrated higher yields than both the mean yield of the parent cultivars (+1.20 t/ha) and the yield of the best parent cultivar (+0.76 t/ha).

Background. An extremely important task today is to develop new hulless barley cultivars, capable of yielding large and high-quality grain harvests, and introduce them into agricultural production. Objective. The purpose was to study three hulless barley cultivars ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ and ‘Maysky’, developed at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, in order to describe their agrobiological characteristics.Materials and methods.The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2015–2017 on the experimental fields of Omsk ASC in the southern forest steppe (third crop rotation after the wheat predecessor; fourth crop after fallow). There were 4 replications on the plot of 10 m². The seeding rate was 4 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Agricultural practice used in the experiments was conventional for West Siberia. Parameters of stability and plasticity were calculated according to Eberhart and Russell, Wricke; adaptability, according to Zhivotkov; homeostasis, according to Khangildin; stress tolerance and compensatory ability, according to Rossielle and Hemblin.Results. Many years of breeding work at Omsk ASC resulted in the development of three hulless barley cultivars: ‘Omsky golozerny 2’ (listed in the State Register of the Russian Federation for regions 9, 10 and 11), ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ (submitted for the State Crop Variety Trials in 2017), and ‘Maysky’ (not included in the State Register). The new hulless barley cultivar ‘Omsky golozerny 4’, considering its higher productivity (+1.36 g to the reference in 1000 grain weight, and +0.73 t/ha to cv. ‘Maysky’), in the yield of nutrients per area unit equaled the reference ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, but exceeded ‘Maysky’ (+47.2 kg/ha of protein, +390 kg/ha of starch, and +42.4 kg/ha of crude fat). ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ was also characterized by stability (stability = 4.8), increased compensatory ability (3.29) and adaptability (103%). There was an increase in productivity with improved growing conditions (ecological plasticity = 1.25). ‘Maysky’ had higher stress tolerance (–1.35), while the reference ‘Omsky golozerny 2’ showed increased homeostasis (0.118). Thus, ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ exceeded the previous two cultivars in adaptability and stability.

Актуальность. Первоочередной задачей селекции является создание и внедрение в производство двурядных среднеспелых сортов ячменя кормового и пищевого направлений использования, способных формировать высокий и качественный урожай зерна. Цель исследования – характеристика нового двурядного кормового сорта ярового ячменя ‘Омский 101’ селекции Омского аграрного научного центра (АНЦ) по качеству зерна, урожайности и устойчивости к комплексу болезней. Объектом исследований выступал новый перспективный сорт ярового ячменя кормового направления ‘Омский 101’, переданный на ГСИ в 2018 году, в качестве стандарта использован сорт ‘Омский 95’, также для сравнения приведены данные изучения последнего переданного на ГСИ (2016 г.) сорта ‘Омский 100’. Материалы и методы. Экспериментальная часть работы проводилась в течение 2013–2018 гг. на опытных полях Омского аграрного научного центра, расположенных в южной лесостепи и степной зоне. Площадь делянки – 10 м2, повторность 4-кратная. Норма высева – 4 млн всхожих зерен на 1 га. Агротехника проведения опытов общепринятая для Западно-Сибирского региона. Проведена математическая обработка по Б. А. Доспехову. Результаты. Новый перспективный сорт ‘Омский 101’ по продуктивности относится к высокоурожайным; в среднем за период исследований данный сорт имел достоверное превышение по урожайности над стандартным сортом ‘Омский 95’ как в зоне южной лесостепи (+0,55 т/ га), так и в степной зоне (+0,38 т/ га). Прибавка по отношению к сорту ‘Омский 100’ составила 0,29 и 0,59 т/га при посевах по зяби и пару соответственно. ‘Омский 101’ характеризовался прибавкой к стандартному сорту ‘Омский 95’ по массе 1000 зерен (+5,3 г), натуре (+44,0 г/л), имел более выравненное зерно (+12,4% к st.). Также, по отношению к стандарту и сорту ‘Омский 100’, наблюдалось повышенное содержание в зерне белка (+1,0 и +0,9%) и крахмала (+1,3 и +1,5%) соответственно. За период изучения сорт ‘Омский 101’ по результатам максимального поражения видами головни проявил слабую восприимчивость к черной головне (в среднем 3,5%) и каменной головне (5,0%), что ниже стандарта и на уровне сорта ‘Омский 100’. Поражаемость пыльной головней средняя (23,1%), что на уровне стандарта, но превышает ‘Омский 100’. Выводы. Новый перспективный сорт ‘Омский 101’ относится к высокоурожайным и высококачественным, устойчив к головневым видам заболеваний. Сорт передан на Государственное сортоиспытание в Уральский (9), Западно-Сибирский (10) и Восточно-Сибирский (11) регионы.

Ключевые слова: яровой ячмень, белок

Screening of oat cultivars developed in omsk for conditions of the southern foreststeppe in Western Siberia Скрининг сортов овса омской селекции для условий южной лесостепи Западной Сибири