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To increase the wear resistance of the subsurface layers, AISI 1045 carbon steel and AISI D2 tool steel samples were hardened by a laser heat treatment (LHT) followed by ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT). This paper focuses on studying the effects of the separately applied LHT, UIT, and combined LHT + UIT processes on the wear behavior of the hardened surface of carbon and tool steel. The comparison of the surface roughness and hardness after surface treatments are also addressed. The hardened samples were examined after the short-term (15 min), and long-term (45 min) wear tests under oil-lubricated conditions in the quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. An optical 3D profilometer evaluated the wear tracks. The results demonstrated that the formed fine-grained martensitic structure coupled with high surface hardness and low surface roughness after combined treatment lead to a significant reduction of the wear loss regardless of the steel type.
Dmytro Lesyk; Silvia Martinez; Bohdan Mordyuk; Vitaliy Dzhemelinskyi; Aitzol Lamikiz. Wear Characteristics of Carbon and Tool Steels Hardened by Combined Laser-Ultrasonic Surface Treatment. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2021, 62 -72.
AMA StyleDmytro Lesyk, Silvia Martinez, Bohdan Mordyuk, Vitaliy Dzhemelinskyi, Aitzol Lamikiz. Wear Characteristics of Carbon and Tool Steels Hardened by Combined Laser-Ultrasonic Surface Treatment. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2021; ():62-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDmytro Lesyk; Silvia Martinez; Bohdan Mordyuk; Vitaliy Dzhemelinskyi; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2021. "Wear Characteristics of Carbon and Tool Steels Hardened by Combined Laser-Ultrasonic Surface Treatment." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 62-72.
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is a manufacturing technology included within the different Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing alternatives. These technologies have been generating great attention among scientists in recent decades. Its main qualities that make it highly productive with a large use of material with relatively inexpensive machine solutions make it a very advantageous technology. This paper covers the application of this technology for the manufacture of thin-walled parts. A finite element model is presented for estimating the deformations in this type of parts. This paper presents a simulation model that predicts temperatures with less than 5% error and deformations of the final part that, although quantitatively has errors of 20%, qualitatively allows to know the deformation modes of the part. Knowing the part areas subject to greater deformation may allow the future adaptation of deposition strategies or redesigns for their adaptation. These models are very useful both at a scientific and industrial level since when we find ourselves with a technology oriented to Near Net Shape (NNS) manufacturing where deformations are critical for obtaining the final part in a quality regime.
Mikel Casuso; Fernando Veiga; Alfredo Suárez; Trunal Bhujangrao; Eider Aldalur; Teresa Artaza; Jaime Amondarain; Aitzol Lamikiz. Model for the Prediction of Deformations in the Manufacture of Thin-Walled Parts by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology. Metals 2021, 11, 678 .
AMA StyleMikel Casuso, Fernando Veiga, Alfredo Suárez, Trunal Bhujangrao, Eider Aldalur, Teresa Artaza, Jaime Amondarain, Aitzol Lamikiz. Model for the Prediction of Deformations in the Manufacture of Thin-Walled Parts by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology. Metals. 2021; 11 (5):678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikel Casuso; Fernando Veiga; Alfredo Suárez; Trunal Bhujangrao; Eider Aldalur; Teresa Artaza; Jaime Amondarain; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2021. "Model for the Prediction of Deformations in the Manufacture of Thin-Walled Parts by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology." Metals 11, no. 5: 678.
In the energy and aeronautics industry, some components need to be very light but with high strength. For instance, turbine blades and structural components under rotational centrifugal forces, or internal supports, ask for low weight, and in general, all pieces in energy turbine devices will benefit from weight reductions. In space applications, a high ratio strength/weight is even more important. Light components imply new optimal design concepts, but to be able to be manufactured is the real key enable technology. Additive manufacturing can be an alternative, applying radical new approaches regarding part design and components’ internal structure. Here, a new approach is proposed using the replica of a small structure (cell) in two or three orders of magnitude. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most well-known additive manufacturing methods of functional parts (and prototypes as well), for instance, starting from metal powders of heat-resistant alloys. The working conditions for such components demand high mechanical properties at high temperatures, Ni-Co superalloys are a choice. The work here presented proposes the use of “replicative” structures in different sizes and orders of magnitude, to manufacture parts with the minimum weight but achieving the required mechanical properties. Printing process parameters and mechanical performance are analyzed, along with several examples.
Amaia Calleja-Ochoa; Haizea Gonzalez-Barrio; Norberto López de Lacalle; Silvia Martínez; Joseba Albizuri; Aitzol Lamikiz. A New Approach in the Design of Microstructured Ultralight Components to Achieve Maximum Functional Performance. Materials 2021, 14, 1588 .
AMA StyleAmaia Calleja-Ochoa, Haizea Gonzalez-Barrio, Norberto López de Lacalle, Silvia Martínez, Joseba Albizuri, Aitzol Lamikiz. A New Approach in the Design of Microstructured Ultralight Components to Achieve Maximum Functional Performance. Materials. 2021; 14 (7):1588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Calleja-Ochoa; Haizea Gonzalez-Barrio; Norberto López de Lacalle; Silvia Martínez; Joseba Albizuri; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2021. "A New Approach in the Design of Microstructured Ultralight Components to Achieve Maximum Functional Performance." Materials 14, no. 7: 1588.
Tooling in the die and mould industry is subjected to high-wear and high-temperature environments, which often leads to the premature failure of this high-added-value tooling. When severe damage occurs, an alternative to replacing the whole component consists of the repair by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). For that end, intermediate layers are commonly employed as buffer material, where introducing a functionally graded material (FGM) might be beneficial to avoid material incompatibilities and improve the overall performance of the tooling. In the present work, an FGM composed of gradient AISI 316L to AISI H13 has been manufactured, and its microstructure and hardness analysed. Firstly, cracking owing to the formation of brittle intermediate phases has been detected. Secondly, an increase of the hardness and a decrease of the corrosion resistance has been observed when transitioning from AISI 316L to AISI H13. Thirdly, despite the FGM composition evolving linearly, nonlinear material properties such as hardness and corrosion have been observed, which are conditioned by the microstructure formed during the L‑DED process and the nonlinear influence of the composition of steel on such properties. Consequently, nonlinear compositional gradients are recommended if linear mechanical properties are to be obtained in the case of steel FGMs.
Marta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina. Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 771 .
AMA StyleMarta Ostolaza, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz, Magdalena Cortina. Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina. 2021. "Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 771.
The present paper evaluates the misalignment and geometry distortion of the standard National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test artifact in Inconel 718 alloy, when several layers with and without supports are employed to manufacture it by the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. To this end, a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) is used to measure the geometrical distortion in each manufacturing configuration, following the same measurement protocol. The results show that the laser path strategy favors a thermal gradient which, consequently, induces geometrical distortions in the part. To prove this hypothesis, a numerical simulation is performed to determine the thermal gradient and the pattern of the residual stresses. It was found that the geometrical distortion certainly depends on the position of the feature position and laser strategy, where thermal cycles and residual thermal stresses had an impact in the end-part geometry, especially if a high strength-to-weight ratio commonly used in aeronautics is present.
Silvia Martínez; Naiara Ortega; Diego Celentano; Antonio J. Sánchez Egea; Eneko Ukar; A. Lamikiz. Analysis of the Part Distortions for Inconel 718 SLM: A Case Study on the NIST Test Artifact. Materials 2020, 13, 5087 .
AMA StyleSilvia Martínez, Naiara Ortega, Diego Celentano, Antonio J. Sánchez Egea, Eneko Ukar, A. Lamikiz. Analysis of the Part Distortions for Inconel 718 SLM: A Case Study on the NIST Test Artifact. Materials. 2020; 13 (22):5087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Martínez; Naiara Ortega; Diego Celentano; Antonio J. Sánchez Egea; Eneko Ukar; A. Lamikiz. 2020. "Analysis of the Part Distortions for Inconel 718 SLM: A Case Study on the NIST Test Artifact." Materials 13, no. 22: 5087.
PAW (Plasma Arc Welding), a WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) technology with high deposition rates, can produce metallic components, layer by layer, of varied sizes, from different alloys, yielding high mechanical performance. Two Ti6Al4V walls are manufactured in an inert argon atmosphere using WAAM-PAW to analyze the deposition process in terms of growth in height per layer, deposition process temperature, and cooling times. The properties of the walls are compared with the values obtained from a thermo-mechanical simulation and both the microstructural and mechanical properties of the annealed WAAM-PAW wall are studied. Moreover, the effect of the media on the oxidation layer and on the mechanical properties are also analyzed throughout the heat treatment process, as well as the microstructure of Ti6Al4V. Stable deposition rates were achieved for a high deposition ratio of Ti6Al4V at 2 kg/h, restricting the oxygen levels to under 100 ppm. No significant differences were found in either the microstructural or the mechanical properties following heat treatments in a vacuum, in air or in argon. All the heat-treated samples met the AMS4928 standard for Yield Strength (YS) and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS).
Teresa Artaza; Alfredo Suárez; Fernando Veiga; Iñigo Braceras; Iván Tabernero; Oihane Larrañaga; Aitzol Lamikiz. Wire arc additive manufacturing Ti6Al4V aeronautical parts using plasma arc welding: Analysis of heat-treatment processes in different atmospheres. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9, 15454 -15466.
AMA StyleTeresa Artaza, Alfredo Suárez, Fernando Veiga, Iñigo Braceras, Iván Tabernero, Oihane Larrañaga, Aitzol Lamikiz. Wire arc additive manufacturing Ti6Al4V aeronautical parts using plasma arc welding: Analysis of heat-treatment processes in different atmospheres. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 9 (6):15454-15466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeresa Artaza; Alfredo Suárez; Fernando Veiga; Iñigo Braceras; Iván Tabernero; Oihane Larrañaga; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Wire arc additive manufacturing Ti6Al4V aeronautical parts using plasma arc welding: Analysis of heat-treatment processes in different atmospheres." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 6: 15454-15466.
The manufacture of multiple parts on the same platform is a common procedure in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process. The main advantage is that the entire working volume of the machine is used and a greater number of parts are obtained, thus reducing inert gas volume, raw powder consumption, and manufacturing time. However, one of the main disadvantages of this method is the possible differences in quality and surface finish of the different parts manufactured on the same platform depending on their orientation and location, even if they are manufactured with the same process parameters and raw powder material. Throughout this study, these surface quality differences were studied, focusing on the variation of the surface roughness with the angle of incidence of the laser with respect to the platform. First, a characterization test was carried out to understand the behavior of the laser in the different areas of the platform. Then, the surface roughness, microstructure, and minimum thickness of vertical walls were analyzed in the different areas of the platform. These results were related to the angle of incidence of the laser. As it was observed, the laser is completely perpendicular only in the center of the platform, whilst at the border of the platform, due to the incidence angle, it melts an elliptical area, which affects the roughness and thickness of the manufactured part. The roughness increases from values of Sa = 5.489 μm in the central part of the platform to 27.473 μm at the outer borders while the thickness of the manufactured thin walls increases around 40 μm.
Sara Sendino; Marc Gardon; Fernando Lartategui; Silvia Martinez; Aitzol Lamikiz. The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts. Coatings 2020, 10, 1024 .
AMA StyleSara Sendino, Marc Gardon, Fernando Lartategui, Silvia Martinez, Aitzol Lamikiz. The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts. Coatings. 2020; 10 (11):1024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Sendino; Marc Gardon; Fernando Lartategui; Silvia Martinez; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts." Coatings 10, no. 11: 1024.
In this study, a manufacturing strategy, and guidelines for inclined and multilayered structures of variable thickness are presented, which are based on the results of an own-developed geometrical model that obtains both the coating thickness and dilution. This model is developed for the powder-fed directed energy deposition process (DED) and it only uses the DED single-track cladding characteristics (height, width, area, and dilution depth), the overlap percentage, and the laser head tilting-angle as inputs. As outputs, it calculates both the cladding geometry and the dilution area of the coating. This model for the Ni-based alloy 718 was improved, based on previous studies of the single clad working both vertically and at an inclined angle, adding the equations of the single clad characteristics with respect to the main process parameters. The strategy proposed in this paper for multilayered cladding consisted of both adding an extra clad at the edges of the layer and using a variable value of the overlap percentage between clads for geometric adaptations. With this strategy, the material deposition is more accurate than otherwise, and it shows stable growth. Manufacturing a multilayered wall of wider thicknesses at higher heights was utilized to validate the strategy.
Pedro Ramiro; Mikel Ortiz; Amaia Alberdi; Aitzol Lamikiz. Strategy Development for the Manufacturing of Multilayered Structures of Variable Thickness of Ni-Based Alloy 718 by Powder-Fed Directed Energy Deposition. Metals 2020, 10, 1280 .
AMA StylePedro Ramiro, Mikel Ortiz, Amaia Alberdi, Aitzol Lamikiz. Strategy Development for the Manufacturing of Multilayered Structures of Variable Thickness of Ni-Based Alloy 718 by Powder-Fed Directed Energy Deposition. Metals. 2020; 10 (10):1280.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Ramiro; Mikel Ortiz; Amaia Alberdi; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Strategy Development for the Manufacturing of Multilayered Structures of Variable Thickness of Ni-Based Alloy 718 by Powder-Fed Directed Energy Deposition." Metals 10, no. 10: 1280.
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a layer-by-layer production concept that is proposed as a promising alternative to traditional subtractive techniques due to its potential to manufacture large metallic components of medium geometrical complexity. In recent years, this technology has created interest due to the advantages it proposes, such as a low cost and high deposition rates in comparison with other Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. In this study, the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)-based WAAM system was developed to deposit mild steel material. To that end, a comprehensive methodology to understand the main process variables and their influence in the final component properties is shown. The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of oscillatory and overlapping deposition strategies in terms of productivity, growth per layer, obtained microstructure and mechanical properties using the control volume concept to compare volume-dependent parameters. Although some characteristics of these strategies have been documented in literature, the heat input influence has not yet been comprehensively demonstrated and understood. For example, heat input, analyzed deeply in the present study, is a critical factor for the stability of the WAAM process, influencing the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of as-fabricated parts. The results indicate that the oscillated strategy increases productivity.
E. Aldalur; F. Veiga; A. Suárez; J. Bilbao; A. Lamikiz. High deposition wire arc additive manufacturing of mild steel: Strategies and heat input effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2020, 58, 615 -626.
AMA StyleE. Aldalur, F. Veiga, A. Suárez, J. Bilbao, A. Lamikiz. High deposition wire arc additive manufacturing of mild steel: Strategies and heat input effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2020; 58 ():615-626.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Aldalur; F. Veiga; A. Suárez; J. Bilbao; A. Lamikiz. 2020. "High deposition wire arc additive manufacturing of mild steel: Strategies and heat input effect on microstructure and mechanical properties." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 58, no. : 615-626.
Manufacturing sector faces the challenge of harnessing digital industry. Responding to this challenge, the present work shows different machining processes, as turning, grinding and milling, that have been optimized following Industry 4.0 paradigm. In all cases, this optimization objective has been reached using data platforms where process variables coming from numerical control or sensors are stored, and where optimization algorithms are ran. These improvements are diverse and specific for each process: quality control, cutting tool life improvement, or defect prevention.
Mikel Casuso Lomas; Txomin Ostra Beldarrain; German Rodriguez Canas; Fernando Veiga Suarez; Mariluz Penalva Oscoz; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINING THROUGH REGISTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PROCESS VARIABLES IN THE CLOUD. DYNA 2020, 95, 472 -477.
AMA StyleMikel Casuso Lomas, Txomin Ostra Beldarrain, German Rodriguez Canas, Fernando Veiga Suarez, Mariluz Penalva Oscoz, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINING THROUGH REGISTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PROCESS VARIABLES IN THE CLOUD. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):472-477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikel Casuso Lomas; Txomin Ostra Beldarrain; German Rodriguez Canas; Fernando Veiga Suarez; Mariluz Penalva Oscoz; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. 2020. "IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINING THROUGH REGISTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PROCESS VARIABLES IN THE CLOUD." DYNA 95, no. 1: 472-477.
Laser cutting process is highly influenced by material composition and surface state before cutting. Variability in these elements involve changes in cutting parameter values (productivity) and cut quality (part acceptance or rejection). The vast majority of studies on this matter have been conducted employing CO2 lasers, therefore, the aim of this analysis is to complete existing literature and update it with actual industrial trends which move towards the use of fibre lasers. For this purpose, behaviour of three steel types with thicknesses of 6mm, 10mm and 15mm has been analysed, using the sheets just as they left the mill, with a superficial machining and superficial rust. Quality of obtained parts has been measured visually and through a confocal microscope, comparing roughness results with the standard UNE-EN ISO 9013 for thermal cuts. Results have revealed three different existing quality zones (upper, centre, bottom) for thick materials. Differences in quality and cutting parameter values between pickled steel and Hardox have been noticed, but not between pickled steel and Ruukki. Moreover, significant variations in cutting process have been observed when previous superficial rust is present, while machined surface has no effect on it. Keywords: laser cutting, fiber laser, steel, composition, surface state, surface finish, cutting parameters, edge quality
Joana Ramos; Jordi Figueras; Sonia Moralejo; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. COMPOSITION AND SURFACE STATE INFLUENCE IN LASER PROCESS FOR STEEL SHEETS. DYNA 2020, 95, 497 -502.
AMA StyleJoana Ramos, Jordi Figueras, Sonia Moralejo, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. COMPOSITION AND SURFACE STATE INFLUENCE IN LASER PROCESS FOR STEEL SHEETS. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):497-502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Ramos; Jordi Figueras; Sonia Moralejo; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. 2020. "COMPOSITION AND SURFACE STATE INFLUENCE IN LASER PROCESS FOR STEEL SHEETS." DYNA 95, no. 1: 497-502.
The manufacture of machined components for the aeronautics industry often involves the removal of large quantities of material, while the stringent demands on quality require special care to be taken during the manufacturing process. For most components of this kind, the principal source of distortion is the relaxation of residual stress after the earlier manufacturing processes. In this paper, the problem is addressed through modeling and simulating the final displacement fields obtained after different machining sequences of an aeronautic turbine component, in order to determine the optimum machining sequence among the options that lead to the same final part. Some of the main problems associated with this issue are also addressed, such as the high computational cost and time needed for simulations and expensive equipment needed for residual stress measurement. The level-set technique is employed, which decreases remeshing needs, while affordable nondestructive techniques for measuring residual stress are developed, providing qualitative information that is especially useful in industrial environments.
Mikel Casuso; Roberto Polvorosa; Fernando Veiga; Alfredo Suárez; Aitzol Lamikiz. Residual stress and distortion modeling on aeronautical aluminum alloy parts for machining sequence optimization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2020, 110, 1219 -1232.
AMA StyleMikel Casuso, Roberto Polvorosa, Fernando Veiga, Alfredo Suárez, Aitzol Lamikiz. Residual stress and distortion modeling on aeronautical aluminum alloy parts for machining sequence optimization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2020; 110 (5-6):1219-1232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikel Casuso; Roberto Polvorosa; Fernando Veiga; Alfredo Suárez; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Residual stress and distortion modeling on aeronautical aluminum alloy parts for machining sequence optimization." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, no. 5-6: 1219-1232.
A comparison between a conventional AISI H13 hot stamping tool and a bimetallic tool consisting of an AISI 1045 core and a laser-deposited AISI H13 coating is performed. In order to analyze the performance of bimetallic tools, the material compatibility and quality of the coating are analyzed. Besides, the mechanical properties are evaluated and compared with those of the conventional tool, obtaining mechanically equivalent results. Nevertheless, the real conductivity of the laser deposited AISI H13 is found to be 16 % lower than the theoretical value. Hence, a thermal model of the hot stamping process is developed, and the performance of various coating thicknesses is evaluated. Results show that, in the present case study, an AISI 1045 tool with a 1 mm AISI H13 coating ensures the mechanical properties and reduces the cycle time by 44.5 % when compared to a conventional AISI H13 tool.
Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. Thermomechanical analysis of additively manufactured bimetallic tools for hot stamping. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2020, 57, 905 -918.
AMA StyleMagdalena Cortina, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Aitzol Lamikiz. Thermomechanical analysis of additively manufactured bimetallic tools for hot stamping. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2020; 57 ():905-918.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Thermomechanical analysis of additively manufactured bimetallic tools for hot stamping." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 57, no. : 905-918.
Fabrikazio-prozesu gehigarri eta kengarrien arteko konbinaketa oso erabilgarria da geometria konplexuko eta balio-erantsi altuko piezen konponketarako. Prozesuak bateratzeko aukera hoberena, beraiek makinabakarrean barneratzea da. Alabaina, bateratze honetan erronka anitzak agertzen dira, besteak beste, mekanizazioprozesuan erabiltzen diren ebaketa-jariakinek jarraiko gehitze-prozesuan izan dezaketen eraginaren ezjakintasunaren ondorioz. Egoera honen aurrean, berotako trokelgintzan ohikoa den AISI H13aren kasurako ebaketa-jariakinarekin kutsaturiko gainazalean laser bidez materiala eranstean ager daitezkeen akatsen azterketa gauzatu da. Olio-maila anitzekin egin dira saiakuntzak eta gainazal garbian egindako erreferentziazko saiakuntzarekin alderatu dira lorturiko emaitzak. Aldaera morfologikoak nabaritzeaz gain, %100 olio-kontzentrazioko ebaketa-jariakina erabiltzen deneko kasuan erantsitako materiala arrakalatu egiten dela ikusi da, egoera honetan fabrikaturiko piezak baliogabetuz. Hortaz, AISI H13aren kasuan gehitze-prozesuaren aurretik gainazalean egon daitezkeen ebaketa-jariakinen garbiketa beharrezkoa dela ikusi da.
Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Marta Ostolaza, Aitzol Lamikiz, Eneko Ukar. Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. 2020. "Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. : 1.
Additive manufacturing has gained relevance in recent decades as an alternative to the manufacture of metal parts. Among the additive technologies, those that are classified as Directed Energy Deposition (DED) are characterized by their high deposition rate, noticeably, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). However, having the inability to produce parts with acceptable final surface quality and high geometric precision is to be considered an important disadvantage in this process. In this paper, different torch trajectory strategies (oscillatory motion and overlap) in the fabrication of low carbon steel walls will be compared using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)-based WAAM technology. The comparison is done with a study of the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the produced walls and finally, addressing the productivity obtained utilizing each strategy. The oscillation strategy shows better results, regarding the utilization rate of deposited material and the flatness of the upper surface, this being advantageous for subsequent machining steps.
Eider Aldalur; Fernando Veiga; Alfredo Suárez; Jon Bilbao; Aitzol Lamikiz. Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel. Metals 2020, 10, 892 .
AMA StyleEider Aldalur, Fernando Veiga, Alfredo Suárez, Jon Bilbao, Aitzol Lamikiz. Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel. Metals. 2020; 10 (7):892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEider Aldalur; Fernando Veiga; Alfredo Suárez; Jon Bilbao; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel." Metals 10, no. 7: 892.
In the last few years, the requirements that manufacturers demand in terms of material specifications have risen considerably. The highly competitive industry leads to the development of new materials by means of alternative manufacturing processes, such as Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Coatings made from metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are of particular interest in the manufacturing of dies and molds for hot stamping processes, as they allow improving the wear behavior even when working in aggressive environments. This permits increasing the lifespan of these high added value components. To analyze this kind of coating, monolayer specimens constituted by hot work tool steel (AISI H13) and tungsten carbide (WC) have been deposited. The high hardness of the WC may lead to a considerable improvement in the tribological and mechanical properties. In order to characterize and quantify this enhancement, wear tests have been performed in coatings manufactured with different concentrations of WC. In addition, the metallurgical integrity of the deposited clads has been analyzed. Lastly, the hardness of the clads has been measured. It has been concluded that this kind of multi-material coatings leads to an increase of the wear resistance and hardness. However, it is necessary to control the dilution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix, and to use adequate post-processing methods since, given the high hardness of the clads, the tendency to crack also increases. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Laser Metal Deposition, hardness, wear, die and mold, hot stamping, tungsten carbide, hot work tool steel, metallurgical integrity
Marta Ostolaza Gaztelupe; Magdalena Cortina Buron; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS. DYNA 2020, 95, 430 -435.
AMA StyleMarta Ostolaza Gaztelupe, Magdalena Cortina Buron, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):430-435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Ostolaza Gaztelupe; Magdalena Cortina Buron; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. 2020. "ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS." DYNA 95, no. 1: 430-435.
The additive manufacturing industry has developed significantly, which includes metal printing techniques; with a wide range of applications, great projections and future expectations. Technologies such as SLM or LMD have gone from being considered as a rapid prototyping process to consolidating in a primary manufacturing process Despite the great advances made in metal printing, there are still aspects of quality, dimensional and finish that require the need for subsequent actions to metallic printing (thermal treatments, subtractive manufacturing) for the scope of structural integrity and dimensions definitive This paper presents a methodology based on the robust design approach, which allows to integrate the main hybrid process with 4 support processes for the control of performance metrics and the mitigation of the effects of noise factors through the strategic use of the controllable factors under a predictive, preventive and technical approach. A case study is presented where the phase of the vibration control applied to a type of elbowed ducts is analyzed, which allows to obtain an adequate tendency of the type and location of fixation system that leads to improve the quality of the finishing. Keywords: SLM, machining, geometric distortion, dimensional control, heat treatment, robust design
Jose David Perez Ruiz; Silvia Martinez Rodriguez; Luis Norberto Lopez De La Calle Marcaide; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Haizea Gonzalez Barrio; Octavio Pereira Neto. A ROBUST PROCESS FOR THE PRECISION FINISHING OF PIECES ORIGINATED BY METALLIC PRINTING. DYNA 2020, 95, 436 -442.
AMA StyleJose David Perez Ruiz, Silvia Martinez Rodriguez, Luis Norberto Lopez De La Calle Marcaide, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka, Haizea Gonzalez Barrio, Octavio Pereira Neto. A ROBUST PROCESS FOR THE PRECISION FINISHING OF PIECES ORIGINATED BY METALLIC PRINTING. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):436-442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose David Perez Ruiz; Silvia Martinez Rodriguez; Luis Norberto Lopez De La Calle Marcaide; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Haizea Gonzalez Barrio; Octavio Pereira Neto. 2020. "A ROBUST PROCESS FOR THE PRECISION FINISHING OF PIECES ORIGINATED BY METALLIC PRINTING." DYNA 95, no. 1: 436-442.
With the development of the new concept of hybrid machine, which combines additive and subtractive manufacturing in the same machine, new opportunities for automation of applications such as the repairing of defective parts or the addition of coatings with specific properties are coming out. In these applications, the need for the use of measurement systems has been revealed, in order to know the real geometry of the parts. Among the different measurement systems, the structured light technology presents many advantages for this process: it is capable of measuring parts of different sizes and with low texture in a single capture, and additionally, the lighting conditions don’t affect to the measurement due to the camera has it’s own light source. In this article, different applications of structured light technology for hybrid manufacturing are presented. In addition, an example of the application of this technology is also described, which consists in the manufacturing of the coating of a hot stamping die. For this, the ZVH 45/1600 Add+Process hybrid machine from Ibarmia manufacturer has been employed. Keywords: 3D measurement, Structured light, Hybrid manufacturing, Hybrid machine, Laser Cladding, Coating, Automation, Hot stamping die.
Mikel Ortiz Edesa; Nerea Alberdi Olaizola; Rakel Pacheco Goñi; Amaia Alberdi Gurrutxaga; Pedro Ramiro Castro; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Arrate Olaiz Artola; Ines Aseguinolaza Otegui. USE OF THE STRUCTURED LIGHT FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF A COATING ON A HOT STAMPING DIE BY HYBRID MANUFACTURING. DYNA 2020, 95, 443 -448.
AMA StyleMikel Ortiz Edesa, Nerea Alberdi Olaizola, Rakel Pacheco Goñi, Amaia Alberdi Gurrutxaga, Pedro Ramiro Castro, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka, Arrate Olaiz Artola, Ines Aseguinolaza Otegui. USE OF THE STRUCTURED LIGHT FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF A COATING ON A HOT STAMPING DIE BY HYBRID MANUFACTURING. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):443-448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikel Ortiz Edesa; Nerea Alberdi Olaizola; Rakel Pacheco Goñi; Amaia Alberdi Gurrutxaga; Pedro Ramiro Castro; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Arrate Olaiz Artola; Ines Aseguinolaza Otegui. 2020. "USE OF THE STRUCTURED LIGHT FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF A COATING ON A HOT STAMPING DIE BY HYBRID MANUFACTURING." DYNA 95, no. 1: 443-448.
Additive Manufacturing has gone from being a group of exotic and little-known processes to being one more alternative when it comes to manufacturing components industrialists. Within the processes of Additive Manufacturing, a large division can be made into two large groups: processes for polymeric components and processes for manufacturing metal components.
Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Eneko Ukar Arrien. METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS. DYNA 2020, 95, 343 -344.
AMA StyleAitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka, Eneko Ukar Arrien. METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):343-344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Eneko Ukar Arrien. 2020. "METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS." DYNA 95, no. 1: 343-344.
An analytical model has been developed for the laser welding process which, based on multipole theory, predicts the depth of the weld bead at a very low computational cost. For this, the model starts from the thermal field previously calculated considering only the heat transfer by conduction, and includes the influence of the monopoles, dipoles and quadrupoles, which allows considering the finite thickness of the sheet to be welded, the latent heat of the material and the internal movement of the molten material, respectively. The model has been experimentally validated for Inconel 718 and the case in which a wobble strategy is used, which is a combination of linear advance motion and superposed oscillatory motion resulting in a trochoidal trajectory. For the different situations analyzed, and thanks to the consideration of multipole, the model is able to determine the depth of the weld bead with an error below 12%. This is a considerable improvement over the situation in which the multipole effect was not considered and the heat transfer was modelled only by conduction, since in this case around 50% errors are obtained, which demonstrates the validity of the model. Keywords: Laser welding, wobble, analytical model, multipole theory.
Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Iñigo Hernando Arriandiaga; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Eneko Ukar Arrien. LASER WELDING DEPTH EVALUATION BY MEANS OF AN ANALYTIC MODEL. DYNA 2020, 95, 400 -404.
AMA StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate, Iñigo Hernando Arriandiaga, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka, Eneko Ukar Arrien. LASER WELDING DEPTH EVALUATION BY MEANS OF AN ANALYTIC MODEL. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):400-404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Iñigo Hernando Arriandiaga; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Eneko Ukar Arrien. 2020. "LASER WELDING DEPTH EVALUATION BY MEANS OF AN ANALYTIC MODEL." DYNA 95, no. 1: 400-404.