The psychological resilience of teachers has gained significant attention due to its positive effects on schools and students. This cross-sectional quantitative study investigates the moderating roles of gender and the length of time spent with the school principal in the relationship between principals' empowering leadership behaviors and teachers' psychological resilience. Data were collected from 362 teachers working in public primary, secondary, and high schools in Siirt, Türkiye. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and moderation analysis using the bootstrapping method were applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the empowering leadership behaviors of school principals positively correlate with teachers' psychological resilience, with variations based on gender and time spent with the principal. Specifically, the relationship is stronger for female teachers compared to male teachers and for those who have spent more time with the school principal. These results offer theoretical insights and practical recommendations for enhancing teacher resilience through leadership practices, highlighting the importance of understanding contextual and demographic factors.

This study is correlational and cross-sectional quantitative research that examines the moderating role of working time with the school principal on the effect of leader–member exchange on teachers’ job performance through organisational citizenship. Data were collected from 481 teachers in 43 public schools across the western, central, northern, southern, and eastern regions of Türkiye using the convenience sampling method. The Leader–Member Exchange Scale, Organisational Citizenship Scale, and Employee Performance Scale were used as data collection tools. Data were analysed through descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and moderator and moderated mediation analyses. The results indicated positive and significant relationships among leader–member exchange, organisational citizenship behaviours, and teachers’ job performance. It was found that leader–member exchange indirectly affected teachers’ job performance through organisational citizenship, and working time with the school principal served as a moderator in the relationship between leader–member exchange and organisational citizenship. The indirect effect of leader–member exchange on job performance through organisational citizenship was stronger for teachers with shorter working durations with the principal.

It has become increasingly important to provide equal educational opportunities to all students for quality and sustainable education in classrooms with rapidly increasing diversity. In this context, communication skills, social intelligence and intercultural sensitivity are important competences that can affect teacher performance and efficiency in classrooms. Despite the importance of these competencies, empirical studies examining the relationships between these variables are scarce. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between teacher candidates’ communication skills and their intercultural sensitivity and social intelligence levels through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM). The participants were selected from among the teacher candidates studying at Kütahya Dumlupınar University, a public university in Türkiye, using simple random sampling method. The results indicated that teacher candidates had high levels of communication skills, intercultural sensitivity and social intelligence. In addition, while there was a significant positive relationship between communication skills and intercultural sensitivity level and social intelligence level at low level, there was a significant positive relationship between intercultural sensitivity and social intelligence level at medium level. Furthermore, communication skills and intercultural sensitivity were found to be significant predictors of social intelligence and intercultural sensitivity had a partial mediating role in the relationship between communication skills and social intelligence. In the study, it was concluded that teacher candidates’ communication skills predicted social intelligence through intercultural sensitivity.

Academic optimism has been one of the important study subjects of researchers in recent years due to its impact on organizational variables and schools, especially in the field of educational management and leadership. This study aims to examine the mediating role of collaborative teacher professional learning and the moderating role of enabling school structure in the relationship between leadership team coherence and academic optimism. Therefore, the study was designed as a cross-sectional study in quantitative research method. And 1204 teachers working in 1204 public schools in 52 provinces in the west, middle, east, north, and south of Türkiye, determined by stratified random sampling method, participated in the research. Results showed that collaborative teacher professional learning mediated the relationship between leadership team coherence and teachers’ academic optimism. Additionally, the effect of leadership team coherence on collaborative teacher professional learning, and through collaborative teacher professional learning on academic optimism, was stronger when the enabling school structure was moderate and high. Our results provide evidence that in the Turkish school context, enabling school structure moderates the effect of leadership team cohesion on teachers’ academic optimism through collaborative learning. Our research also provides valuable insights that can provide a framework for promoting collaboration and an enabling structure in schools.