Currently the universe is facing a considerable environmental crisis, due to the evident economic, industrial and technical growth and development of recent times. In effect, human beings with the desire to mitigate or remedy environmental problems seek to value environmental goods and services, with a view to monetarily quantifying the willingness to pay for the improvement of environmental quality. In this sense, the research objective was to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for the improvement of the household solid waste collection service in the city of Chota. The contingent valuation method and logit econometric model were used, the technique used was interviews and surveys as an instrument, applied to 359 heads of household from a population of 5,500 households, which were selected by simple sampling; using SPSS 26.0 and Stata 17.0 programs. The results indicate that the majority of citizens are between 40 and 49 years old, have incomplete secondary school, income < 1,000 soles, know the importance of the environment and the effect of inadequate provision; 29.5% of citizens are willing to pay 3 to 5 soles per month. Concluding that age and environmental awareness negatively influence the willingness to pay, given that, as age increases by one year, the lower the willingness to pay; while income and environmental education have a positive influence, since, as they increase by one unit, the greater their willingness to pay for the improvement of solid waste collection.

Cinchona officinalis is an emblematic species of the tropical Andes that faces both anthropogenic and environmental pressures, highlighting the urgency of developing strategies for its conservation and propagation. This study aimed to develop and optimize micropropagation using nodal segments through three experiments. The first experiment evaluated disinfection using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at different concentrations: 0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%. The second experiment examined the effect of combining indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on shoot proliferation, assessing shoot number (SN), shoot length (SL) and survival (%S). The third experiment investigated the influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on root development, measuring root number (RN), root length (RL), and rooting percentage (%E). The best disinfection results were obtained with 2% NaClO, which produced the best outcomes, achieving the lowest contamination rate (5.56%), reduced phenol release (33.33%), and the highest survival rate (61.11%). For shoot proliferation, 2.28 µM IAA combined with 5.33 µM BAP promoted both a higher number (2.5 shoots per plant) and length (23.5 mm per plant) of shoots. In the rooting phase, two treatments were particularly effective: 7.38 µM IBA + 5.37 µM NAA and 9.84 µM IBA + 8.06 µM NAA, yielding more roots (2.93 and 2.47 per plant) and increased root length (5.43 and 5.67 cm per plant, respectively). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the micropropagation of C. officinalis from nodal segments is feasible, offering a practical approach for the conservation and propagation of the species, and providing a solid foundation for large-scale clonal reproduction.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la disposición final de plásticos de polipropileno usados en la producción de ladrillo artesanal en Bambamarca. La investigación fue cuantitativa de diseño no experimental, la población estuvo compuesta por 165 unidades productoras de ladrillos, la muestra fue 116 ladrilleras artesanales, para el procesamiento y análisis de datos se utilizó el programa Microsoft Excel. Los resultados indican, una significativa falta de conocimiento sobre los impactos específicos de los plásticos, a pesar que el 96,6% de los encuestados reconocen la importancia de conservar del medio ambiente; el 91% de los productores tiene un nivel de educación medio, lo que sugiere una brecha entre la conciencia ambiental y las prácticas sostenibles; el 81,9% de los residuos plásticos se consideran esenciales en el proceso de producción. Sin embargo, las prácticas de disposición final son inadecuadas, dado que, el 49,14% del plástico lo queman al aire libre, 35,34% arrojan al ambiente, 12,93% lo entierran, 1,72% utiliza como combustible y 0,86% entrega al reciclador; en consecuencia, los desechos plásticos utilizados en la mencionada actividad están contaminando el ambiente, afectando la calidad del agua y la vida acuática. En conclusión, se determinó que el manejo de los residuos de polipropileno en las ladrilleras artesanales de Bambamarca es inapropiado, su alta dependencia ha conllevado a contaminar el suelo y las fuentes hídricas locales, la baja percepción del riesgo asociado a los plásticos, sumada a la escasez de alternativas de gestión adecuadas y a la falta de regulación.

La investigación tuvo como objetivos analizar la influencia de los indicadores socioeconómicos y medioambientales en la valoración económica ambiental del Manantial Ojo del Agua en Chota-Perú y determinar la disposición a pagar mensual por parte de los beneficiarios. Se utilizó el método de valoración contingente y modelo econométrico Logit, recurriéndose a entrevistas y cuestionarios, aplicados a 164 beneficiarios de una población de 286. Los resultados advierten que la gran mayoría tiene 41 a 50 años, género masculino, de 4 a 5 integrantes/familia, instrucción primaria, agricultores, con ingresos mensuales de 1 501 a 1 500 soles; conocen la procedencia del agua, regular calidad, para consumo humano, y riego de 3 a 5 hectáreas de terreno, reciben servicio las 24 horas, dispuestos a pagar a pesar que el volumen a reducido. Se concluye que, la valoración económica es influenciada positivamente por ingresos mensuales, nivel de instrucción, ocupación, tamaño familiar, número de hectáreas y gestión del agua; por lo que, al aumentar en una unidad, mayor será su disponibilidad a pagar; pero, la procedencia y horas de servicio influyen negativamente, dado que, al incrementar en una unidad, menor es su disposición; estando el 74.6% dispuestos a pagar 10. 00 soles mensuales en promedio.

The discrepancy between the bacteriological quality of water and community perception generates critical public health risks, given that mistrust or false public confidence conditions consumption. The objective was to determine the relationship between physicochemical parameters and the bacteriological load of water in Olmos-Lajas, Peru, using a quantitative, non-experimental approach; Samples were taken at four points on a monthly basis (January to June 2023), with 24 samples collected. Monitoring was carried out in accordance with the protocols of R.D. No. 160-2015/DIGESA/SA, and the samples were then sent to the Cajamarca Regional Water Laboratory. To assess perceptions of aesthetic parameters, a survey was conducted among 45 users of the system. The results were compared with D.S. No. 031-2010-SA-DIGESA, indicating that the water is systematically unfit for consumption, with thermotolerant coliforms exceeding the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL), revealing a very strong positive correlation between bacterial load, pH and temperature. However, 93.3% of users perceive the water as crystal clear and acceptable, establishing a critical dissociation between the sanitary reality and perception. This gap is perpetuated by the total absence of monitoring (100% ignorance), which suppresses the informed oversight capacity of the Sanitation Services Administrative Board (JASS). It is concluded that there is an imminent health risk mediated by misinformation and technical vulnerability; therefore, urgent intervention is recommended to optimise treatment and establish a transparent bacteriological monitoring programme to raise risk awareness in the community.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of five types of substrates on the morphometry and root biomass of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) in the Cajamarca region of Peru. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments (T0: agricultural soil; T1: agricultural soil + river sand 1:1; T2: agricultural soil + worm humus 2:1; T3: river sand + worm humus 2:1; T4: agricultural soil + river sand + humus 2:2:1), with three replicates. Morphometric variables (germination, height and number of stems, number of leaves, length and number of roots) and root biomass (dry root matter - DRM) were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the substrates did not cause significant differences in germination, stems, leaves, or dry root matter (DRM). However, there were significant effects on morphology. T2 (agricultural soil + humus 2:1) produced the highest stem height (7.6 cm) and number of roots (29.8). On the other hand, T1 (agricultural soil + sand 1:1) was superior in root length (38.0 cm). It is concluded that the substrates did not modify the total accumulation of root biomass, but did influence the morphological components of the root system. The promotion of optimal root development by substrates with humus (T2) and sand (T1) is relevant for the selection of propagation material for erosion control in the Cajamarca mountains.