Currently, the porous surface of the screens is measured on digital images taken by microscope representing the orthogonal projection of the textiles. It is known that this way of measuring the porous surface underestimate largely the real hole surface. To improve this aspect, in this work the hole surface is identified as a specific region of the hyperbolic paraboloid and a methodology is developed to address its calculation. Indeed, the results show that the porous surface measured on orthogonal projection is significantly less than the real hole surface. However, the application of this methodology is very complex and for this reason an approximate alternative method that considerably simplifies the difficulty of the problem is proposed. The results obtained by one and another method have small discrepancies so that the approximate method is also a good option for the calculation of the porous surface of these textiles.

Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) is an ambitious initiative by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) to tackle land degradation. Inspired by the “no net loss” concept, LDN seeks to counterbalance unavoidable land degradation—primarily driven by food systems—through targeted regenerative actions at multiple scales—such as regenerative agriculture or grazing practices that simultaneously support production and preserve land fertility. The objective is to ensure that degradation does not surpass the 2015 baseline. While the UNCCD’s Science–Policy Interface provides guidance and the LDN Target Setting Programme has led many countries to define baselines using agreed indicators (soil organic carbon, land use change, and primary productivity), concrete intervention strategies often remain poorly defined. Moreover, the voluntary nature of LDN has limited its effectiveness. A key shortcoming is the lack of integrated planning. LDN should function as a “Plan of Plans”—a coordinating framework to align policies across sectors and scales, reconciling conflicting agendas in areas such as food, energy, and water. To this end, we advocate for a systemic approach to uncover synergies, manage trade-offs, and guide decision-making in complex socio-ecological landscapes. Land degradation is intricately linked to issues such as food insecurity, land acquisitions, and transboundary water stress. Although LDN is implemented at the national level, its success also depends on accounting for global dynamics—particularly “LDN leaks”, where land degradation is outsourced through international trade in food and raw materials. In an increasingly complex world shaped by globalization, resource depletion, and unpredictable system dynamics, effective responses demand an integrated socio-ecological management approach. LDN is not simply a strategy to address desertification. It offers a comprehensive framework for sustainable resource management, enabling the balancing of trade-offs and the promotion of long-term resilience.

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest that poses a significant threat to fruit crops worldwide, leading to considerable agricultural losses and economic damage. Unlike chemical control measures against D. suzukii, integrating insect-proof nets within an IPM framework offers a more sustainable solution. This study evaluates the efficacy of nine commercial protective nets against this pest, focusing on determining optimal hole dimensions based on the effects of airflow velocity, temperature, and pest morphometry on net performance. To simulate field conditions in the laboratory, we developed a tubular device divided into three chambers with the tested net placed between the two, incorporating a fan to generate airflow and a thermo-anemometer. Our results confirm that higher air velocities and elevated temperatures reduce net efficacy. Additionally, morphometric analyses of lab-reared flies revealed significant sexual dimorphism and a strong temperature–size relationship, with flies reared at lower temperatures being consistently larger, an aspect that also affects net effectiveness. These findings highlight the importance of considering both abiotic factors and pest morphology when evaluating protective screens, challenging the assumption that exclusion net efficacy remains constant. Some tested nets proved completely effective against SWD, supporting their use as a preventive measure in IPM programs.