Ekinci G, et al. J Vet Sci. 2024 May;25(3):e38. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.23155

Bu çalışma, Kayseri ve civar illerindeki çiftliklerden 01 Ağustos 2019 ve 31 Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’ne getirilen neonatal ishalli buzağılarda BRV, BCoV, E. coli K99+, Cryptosporidium spp. ve Giardia spp.’nin görülme oranlarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan retros-pektif bir araştırmadır. Belirtilen periyotlar arasında, hastaneye toplamda 1839 buzağı getirildiği tespit edildi. Bu buzağı-lardan 863’ünün İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Ruminant Kliniğine getirildiği ve bunlardan 560’ının (%65) klinik ishal belir-tisine sahip olduğu belirlendi. İshalli buzağılardan alınan dışkı örneklerinden, tek bir enteropatojen olarak en çok, BCoV (%21.7), sonra sırasıyla; Cryptosporidium spp. (%18.3), ETEC K99+ (F5) (%14.3), BRV (%11.4), Giardia spp. (%0.6) tespit edildiği belirlendi. Birden fazla enteropatojen olarak ise en çok, Cryptosporidium spp. + BRV (8.0%), sonra sıra-sıyla; BRV + BCoV (%7.4), Cryptosporidium spp. + BCoV (%6.3), BRV + ETEC K99+ (%1.1), BRV + BCoV + Cryptos-poridium spp. (%2.3) teşhisi konulduğu gözlendi. 1-7 günlük neonatal ishalli buzağılarda en çok ETEC K99+ (%34.7), 8-14 günlük neonatal ishalli buzağılarda ise en çok Cryptosporidium spp. (%23.9) kaynaklı ishal vakalarının görüldüğü belirlendi. İlkbahar ve kış mevsiminde, en çok BCoV (sırasıyla, %22.5, %25.5), yaz ve sonbahar mevsiminde ise en çok Cryptosporidium spp. (sırasıyla, %26.9, %31.8) kaynaklı ishal teşhisi konulduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, 2019-2021 yılları arasında, Kayseri ve civar illerinden Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’ne getirilen neonatal ishalli buzağılarda, en çok BCoV kaynaklı buzağı ishallerinin görüldüğü ortaya konuldu. Enteropatojenlerin prevalansının örnekleme yeri, zamanı, mevsim gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlı olarak değişebileceği ve bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların buzağı ishalinin önlenmesi için gerekli profilaktik ve yönetimsel önlemlerin alınma-sında faydalı olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Pica, or “depraved appetite”, is defined as ingestion of non-nutritive substances. Many factors influencing pica in animals have been identified , but the etiology is controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters, trace element concentrations, the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in beef cattle with and without pica. Ten beef cattle with pica (group I) and another ten healthy beef cattle (Group II) were used in the study. Serum TAS and TOS were measured by a colorimetric method. In group I, haemoglobin value and serum iron, copper and selenium concentrations were significantly lower than those of group II (p < .05). Cortisol level and the other biochemical parameters were not statistically different between the groups (p > .05). Compared to the healthy controls mean TAS values were significantly decreased in the group I (p < .05), whereas the TOS and OSI values did not differ statistically between the two groups (p > .05). Parasitological analysis revealed that Trichostrongylidae spp eggs were more common in group I. In conclusion, serum iron, copper and selenium deficiency with decreased antioxidant capacity may cause the symptoms of pica in beef cattle. Prophylactic use of trace mineral supplement containing iron, copper, selenium and antioxidants in beef cattle may be beneficial in preventing deviated appetite and in strengthening the antioxidant defence system. Highlights:

Introduction: Shed snake skin (SSS) is commonly used empirically in ethnomedicine to treat psoriasis, acne, warts, eczema, scabies, open wounds, hemorrhoids, and glaucoma. Although a few studies exist, SSS extracts’ in vitro immunological effects have yet to be well described. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of SSS extract on murine lymphocytes and T cells.Methods: Hexane, methanol, and chloroform extractions were conducted in collected SSS samples. Protein concentrations in the SSS extract were measured. The cytotoxic and anticancer activities were measured using L929 Fibroblast and SK MEL 30 Cell Lines via MTT assay as described in TS EN ISO 10993-5. Immunomodulatory activities of SSS extract on total lymphocytes or enriched CD4⁺ T cell cultures, their cell-specific pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β. IL-12p40, IL-23p19, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGFβ1) levels were measured via FACS ARIA III analysis and related gene expression with Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-qPCR).Results: Hexane, methanol, and chloroform-extracted SSS were tested on SK-MEL-30 cells via MTT and revealed a superior anti-proliferative effect for hexane extract of SSS at low concentrations. SSS treatment of murine lymphocytes augmented Tnf-α and IFN-γ levels produced by CD3⁺ T cells when lymphocytes were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 or LPS stimulation. This effect required the presence of non-T cells, possibly antigen-presenting cells, and was not observed on purified CD4⁺ T cells. Additionally, SSS significantly blocked suppressive cytokine Tgfb gene expression (but not Il10) without altering in vitro Treg generation/or expansion.Discussion: This is the first in vitro study investigating SSS’s anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. Our data provide evidence for SSS’s anti-proliferative activity on SK-MEL-30 cells and its pro-inflammatory role on murine lymphocytes, which warrants further investigation of the potential use of SSS extract with in vivo disease models.

In the present study, antifungal activity of ozonated olive oil (OZO) and ozonated distilled water (ODW) in the treatment of experimentally induced keratitis with C. albicans in rabbits were invest...

Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern closely linked to metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut–liver axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, with recent research highlighting the influence of gut microbiota, including fungal species such as Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of S. boulardii on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in a rat model of fructose-induced NAFLD. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a fatty liver group induced by 35% fructose supplementation, and a treatment group receiving S. boulardii (100 mg/kg/day) after fructose induction. Results: Biochemical analyses revealed that the treatment group exhibited significantly lower plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total triglycerides, and cholesterol compared to the untreated fatty liver group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, liver tissue analysis showed a marked reduction in lipid accumulation and fatty infiltration in the treatment group, with no visible lipid vacuoles in hepatocytes. The expression of aquaporin-8 (AQP8) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), key markers associated with hepatocyte function and lipid metabolism, was significantly higher in the S. boulardii group compared to the fatty liver group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that S. boulardii supplementation mitigates the metabolic and oxidative stress-related alterations associated with fructose-induced NAFLD. In conclusion, our study suggests that S. boulardii exerts protective effects on the liver by reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic intervention for NAFLD.