We present an evaluation of the silicon solar cell as well as the photovoltaic (PV) module size and its effect on thermomechanical stress. The evaluation is based on finite-element method (FEM) simulations. Within these simulations, we perform parameter variations of the number of solar cells within a PV module from 60–140 cells, of the cell size from 156.0–161.75 mm, and the cell format from full cells down to quarter cells. The FEM simulations cover the lamination process, mechanical load, and thermal cycling for glass–foil as well as glass–glass modules. The presented results reveal correlations between the solar cell and module size with the stress in the solar cells. We also find that the interaction of the laminate with the module frame plays a significant role in thermal cycling. Of the varitations under investigation, the increase in cell size has the largest effect on the stress. However, at a mechanical load of 2400 Pa, glass–foil modules with less than 96 solar cells have a negligible failure probability. The advantage of placing the solar cells in the neutral axis of the laminate is proven by the negligible tensile stress values for all variations of the glass–glass modules.

We propose a safety qualification program for vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) modules, which could serve as a simplification, thereby accelerating the homologation process of new vehicle designs. The basis is the current photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification, as defined in IEC 61730:2016, which is compared to automotive norms and regulations because additional safety requirements have to be considered for PV modules used in this application. Therefore, testing based on regulations that concern electrical and electronic equipment in vehicles (ISO 16750), rupture safety of glass and laminated glass in vehicles (ECE R43), and pedestrian safety (ECE R127) are assessed and compared in terms of severity. Additionally, optional testing concerning the long-term stability of VIPV modules is recommended, as a guideline for vehicle manufacturers. If assessed to be necessary, the qualification program of IEC 61730 is complemented by the respective tests to finally present a conclusive safety qualification program for VIPV modules in new vehicle designs.

As renewable energies need to be extended massively, new concepts are necessary to prevent land conflicts with other uses. Such concepts should have a high generality to offer a swift expansion of renewables anywhere. Within the project, the Photovoltaic Road Roofing Concept (PV-SÜD), a concept for the roofing of roadways with solar panels, was investigated. Its effects on the road infrastructure were analyzed, and a demonstrator was built. The technical boundary conditions and requirements resulting from the specific application type were determined regarding the photovoltaic technology, the possible energy generation, and the supporting structure. The study was completed for a technical solution of 10 m length, 17 m width, and 6.8 m height, with the option of a pent roof (highways running east–west) or gable roofs (highways running north–south). The main target aim was to investigate the potential for widespread use at any site, in contrast to previous studies which mainly aimed at a singular site or demonstrator project. The final solution can support a 38.5 kWp photovoltaic system with a specific annual yield of between 37.5 MWh and 44.0 MWh. The yield variation in sites in Austria and Germany was 14.7% and 17.9%, respectively. One demonstrator roofing was realized as a steel-frame construction with active glass–glass photovoltaic technology at a highway in Hegau (GE).