Manganese dioxide is an ideal anode for sodium-ion batteries due to its rich crystal shapes. However, its low conductivity, low reversible discharge capacity, slow diffusion kinetics, and poor cyclic stability limit its potential for industrial application. The design of manganese dioxide (MnO₂) with various morphologies, such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanoflowers, has proven effective in enhancing its electrochemical performance. Stacking nanowire structures is of interest as they increase the open space by forming an interconnected network, thus facilitating favorable diffusion pathways for sodium ions. Concurrently, the substantial increase in the electrolyte contact area efficiently mitigates the strain induced by the volume expansion associated with the repetitive migration and insertion of sodium ions. Based on previous research, this work presents the structural design of flexible MnO₂/polyaniline (MnO₂/PANI) nanowires assembled on carbon cloth (CC), an innovation in MnO₂ modification. Compared to conventional MnO₂ nanowires, the MnO₂/PANI nanowires exhibit enhanced structural stability and improved dynamic performance, thereby marking a significant advancement in their material properties. This MnO₂/PANI composite exhibits a rate capacity of approximately 200 mA h g⁻¹ after 60 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹, and maintains a rate capacity of 182 mA h g⁻¹ even after 200 cycles under the same current density. This study not only provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms governing energy storage in MnO₂/PANI nanowires but also paves the way for their further development and optimization as anodes for sodium-ion batteries, thereby opening up fresh avenues for research and application.

Due to its excellent theoretical specific capacity, the transition metal oxide Fe₂O₃ has garnered significant attention due to its potential as a cathode material. Nevertheless, Fe₂O₃ remains the drawback of low the electrical conductivity and significant volume expansion in the charge and discharge process. In this experiment, we have reported a facile strategy for Fe₂O₃ nanowire array grown on carbon cloth (Fe₂O₃@CC) by hydrothermal method. The prepared Fe₂O₃@CC composite was served as an electrode for LIBs and supercapacitors. Herein, we utilized above-mentioned unique composite of Fe₂O₃@CC nanowire array supported on carbon cloth as repetitive and directional composite of anode electrode composite with high specific surface area. The supercapacitors exhibited a specific capacitance of 221.19 F g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g⁻¹. Fe₂O₃@CC nanowire composite was utilized in LIBs, demonstrating exceptional rate capacity of 240.7 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 500 mA g⁻¹, as well as a high reversible capacity of 514.1 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹.

The intelligent design of advanced anode materials plays a pivotal role in energy storage for lithium-ion (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and offering potential for broadening their practical applications through the development of flexible electrodes. In this study, Nickel hydroxide nanoflowers grown on Ni foam (Ni(OH)₂ NFs/NF) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Subsequently nickel hydroxide nanoflowers-polyaniline (Ni(OH)₂ NFs/PANI) was synthesized by electrodeposition method. Ni(OH)₂ NFs/NF and Ni(OH)₂ NFs/PANI can be straightforwardly utilized as pliable electrodes. For the first discharge capacity, Ni(OH)₂ NFs/PANI electrode delivers higher capacity (1608.1 mAh g⁻¹) than Ni(OH)₂ NFs/NF (1464.1 mAh g⁻¹) for LIBs. For the first discharge capacity, Ni(OH)₂ NFs/PANI electrode delivers more superior capacity (473.4 mAh g⁻¹) than Ni(OH)₂ NFs/NF (406.6 mAh g⁻¹) for SIBs. Ni(OH)₂ NFs/PANI electrode demonstrated enhanced rate performance and cycling stability in comparison to Ni(OH)₂ NFs/NF electrode.