This paper reports an investigation of the effects of process parameters on the quality characteristics of polymeric parts produced by micro injection moulding (μIM) with two different materials. Four injection moulding process parameters (injection velocity, holding pressure, melt temperature and mould temperature) were investigated using Polypropylene (PP) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Three key characteristics of the mouldings were evaluated with respect to process settings and the material employed: part mass, flow length and flash formation. The experimentation employs a test part with four micro fingers with different aspect ratios (from 21 up to 150) and was carried out according to the Design of Experiments (DOE) statistical technique. The results show that holding pressure and injection velocity are the most influential parameters on part mass with a direct effect for both materials. Both parameters have a similar effect on flow length for both PP and ABS at all aspect ratios and have higher effects as the feature thickness decreased below 300 μm. The study shows that for the investigated materials the injection speed and packing pressure were the most influential parameters for increasing the amount of flash formation, with relative effects consistent for both materials. Higher melt and mould temperatures settings were less influential parameters for increasing the flash amount when moulding with both materials. Of the two investigated materials, PP was the one exhibiting more flash formation as compared with ABS, when corresponding injection moulding parameters settings for both materials were considered.

Laser forming (LF) is an advanced non-contact manufacturing technique that utilizes laser energy to induce controlled thermal expansion and plastic deformation in metal sheets, enabling the shaping of high-strength and brittle materials with minimal residual stresses. The effectiveness of LF is governed by three primary mechanisms Temperature Gradient Mechanism (TGM), Buckling Mechanism (BM), and Upsetting Mechanism (UM)) which are influenced by process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, beam diameter, and material properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in LF, beginning with an analysis of the governing deformation mechanisms and their role in achieving precision and control. It then explores critical microstructural changes including grain refinement, phase transformations, and heat-affected zones (HAZ) that directly impact material behavior and performance. Building upon these foundational aspects, the article highlights current innovations in LF process enhancement through machine learning (ML)-based optimization, real-time thermal feedback, and adaptive control strategies. Challenges such as edge effects, residual stresses, and process repeatability are discussed, along with mitigation approaches Like forced cooling and adaptive scanning. Experimental findings show that forced cooling can increase the bending angle by up to 35.2% and improve energy efficiency by 22.14%. The review Further examines the application of computational models such as ANNs, SVMs, and GAs in predicting bend angles and optimizing process parameters. ANN-based models, for instance, have achieved prediction accuracies of up to 98.9%. The AI tools offer a holistic perspective on future research directions aimed at enhancing process sustainability and broader industrial adoption.

The effect of adding 5 and 10% of TiB₂ on the corrosion of Udimet 700 (U700) in 1 M HCl including altered concentrations of organic compounds was considered at 25°C by electrochemical methods: potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) methods. Microstructure characterization of these alloys was studied by X-ray diffractometer. Tafel plots confirmed that the appearance of examined components had a slight effect on the polarization curves. The Nyquist plots demonstrated that the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) increase for the examined compounds was much higher with compound II compared to compound I. Bode plot revealed that, the total impedance raised with increasing inhibitor concentration and the constant increment in the phase angle shift was clearly related to increasing of the inhibitor concentration adsorbed on alloy species. EFM results showed an agreement with PP and EIS.

The study of shape optimization techniques in structural products helps in reducing mechanical stresses and vibrations in related mechanical elements, such as cam follower mechanisms. This, in turn, has a positive impact on cost savings in the manufacturing process and enhances production quality and reliability. The point of view in this research depends on the idea of minimizing the total production cost while ensuring good functional performance of the cam profile during the shape-manufacturing optimization problem-solving process. The investigation of the impact of changing the motion type of a cam, such as Uniform Velocity Motion (UVM) and Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), on the profile shape, manufacturing costs, and cam stresses is studied. The design variables of the optimization problem include the shape design variables (coordinates of B-spline control points) and manufacturing design variables (cutting parameters such as cutting speed, tool diameter, and feed rate). These variables are optimized by applying an integration of MATLAB 2021a and ANSYS 20. The problem solvers used are the interior point method (IPM) and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. The minimum production cost is found, and an optimum shape of the cam profile is achieved when the cutting speed is 30 m/min, the feed rate is 0.17 mm/flute, and the cutter diameter is 25.4 mm. The best reduction in total cost while using the SHM motion type is about 32.74%, and the reduction in stress is about 9.44% (return motion) using the IPM algorithm after 40 iterations.

In this study, the electro-chemical behavior of Udimet700 alloys is studied in acidic media at 25°C. It deals with the corrosion inhibition process of nickel–based (Udimet700) alloy in 1M–HCl solution by some organic derivatives. The methods used include electro–chemical frequency modulation technique, electro–chemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentio–dynamic polarization. The derivatives are considered as mixed–type inhibitor depending on potentio–dynamic polarization analysis. Scanning electron microscope examination is executed to study the morphology of Udimet700 surface after immersion in a solution in the case of presence and absence of derivatives. The results of this research reveal that the inhibitors are absorbed by Udimet700 alloy surface and they insulate it from the acidic medium. The compound (C16H17) among the tested organic derivatives plays the best role as an inhibitor of the alloy in 1M–HCl.