Background: There is a lack of data on the validation and diagnostic performance of the Freestyle Optium Neo‐H (Freestyle) and Centrivet GK (Centrivet) devices for the diagnosis of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia in goats.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to validate the Freestyle and Centrivet for the analysis of whole blood beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and to validate the Freestyle for the analysis of whole blood glucose concentrations using the reference method (RM) in goat blood collected from the jugular and ear veins.Methods: Venous blood samples were utilised to assess glucose and BHBA concentrations using the Freestyle, Centrivet and RM. The cut‐off point of BHBA was ≥ 0.8 mmol/L for hyperketonaemia. A total of 198 paired blood samples (vena jugularis and ear vein) were collected from 99 hair goats. The cut‐off point for hypoglycaemia diagnosis was < 49 mg/dL.Results: There were proportional but no constant errors between RM and Freestyle and Centrivet for BHBA, and both proportional and constant errors were observed for glucose analysis. The mean bias for BHBA analysis was 0.14 and 0.06 mmol/L (Freestyle‐RM) 0.51 and 0.16 mmol/L (Centrivet‐RM) for jugular and ear veins, respectively. The mean bias for blood glucose analysis was 0.0 and 5.6 mg/L between Freestyle and RM in the jugular and ear veins, respectively. The sensitivity (Centrivet: 50%–61.3%; Freestyle: 93.6%–75.8%) and specificity (Centrivet GK: 75.7%–73%; Freestyle: 37.8%–70.3%) were determined in jugular and ear vein blood for hyperketonaemia diagnostics, respectively. The AUC of Freestyle was 0.89 and 0.95 in the jugular and ear vein for hypoglycaemia, respectively. The sensitivity of Freestyle was 60.3% and 96.8% in the jugular and ear vein for hypoglycaemia. The specificity of Freestyle was 100.0% and 76.7% for hypoglycaemia in jugular and ear veins, respectively.Conclusions: Freestyle demonstrated acceptable diagnostic performance for hypoglycaemia in ear veins, but neither Freestyle nor Centrivet showed sufficient diagnostic performance for hyperketonaemia. Both analysers were not interchangeable with RM in BHBA and glucose analysis.

Canine leishmaniasis is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and seen in Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. Dogs play an important role in the spread of the disease as they can be infected clinically and are reservoirs for other mammals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of leishmaniasis in asymptomatic dogs in Bingöl province. In this study, a total of 84 dogs of different breeds, ages, and sexes (male/female) were used. Leishmania antibody IgG levels in the serum of the dogs were measured using an ELISA Kit. It was determined that 5 (19.2%) of the dogs aged

Background: In human medicine, serum proteome profiles are used to differentiate metabolic diseases and evaluate their pathophysiology. Understanding the serum proteome profiles of goats with pregnancy toxemia might help identify the proteomes and pathways responsible for the development of this disease and improve diagnosis and treatment. Hypothesis/Aim: Determine biomarkers that differentiate healthy goats from goats with subclinical pregnancy toxemia (SPT) and clinical pregnancy toxemia (CPT) using serum proteome analysis. In addition, serum protein differences were evaluated to distinguish between SPT and CPT. Animals: Thirty-five hair goats were included, with 15 in the SPT group, 10 in the CPT group, and 10 in the control group. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with animals from goat farms in Bingol, Türkiye, between December 2023 and May 2024. Serum samples were investigated using mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Results: Proteomic profiles showed significant variation in relative protein abundance. Twenty-five proteins were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) differentially expressed between animals with pregnancy toxemia and those of the control group, with ≥ 2-fold changes in abundance. Proteins involved in cellular, biological, and molecular processes, including processes related to reactive oxygen species, cytokine activation, acute phase response signaling, lipid metabolism, and antimicrobial activity were altered in animals with pregnancy toxemia. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The proteomic candidates identified are biomarkers that may facilitate the diagnosis, treatment, and management of pregnancy toxemia in goats. Serum proteomic biomarkers could be used in rapid tests in the future and may improve the management of pregnancy toxemia on farms.

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ketosis in 7 different villages (Alibir, Ardıçtepe, Çavuşlar, Garip, Sudüğünü, Yamaç, and Yeşil) of Bingöl province. A total of 411 dairy cows, including Simmental, Holstein and crossbred breeds, were used in the study during the 3-week period after birth. Ketosis was diagnosed by measuring blood beta-hydroxy-butyric acid (BHBA) concentration. Blood BHBA concentrations were analyzed using the FreeStyle Optium Neo H (Abbott Diabetes Care Ltd., Witney, UK). Blood BHBA ≥2.6 mmol/L was determined as clinical ketosis (CK), BHBA≥1.2 mmol/L as subclinical ketosis (SCK), and BHBA

Hypomagnesemia is a disease in ruminants characterized by biochemically low serum magnesium. Metabolic profile refers to the analysis of blood biochemical parameters used to assess and prevent metabolic and nutritional disorders in dairy farms. This study aims to evaluate the effect of magnesium on energy balance and metabolic profile parameters in fresh postpartum dairy cows. The study included 30 cows diagnosed with postpartum hypomagnesemia and 10 control group cows. Measurements of the parameters urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein, cholesterol, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were performed on biochemical analyzer. In the hypomagnesemia group, NEFA, total protein, AST and cholesterol levels were higher compared to the control group, while glucose levels were lower. Correlation analysis revealed a negative moderate correlation between magnesium and NEFA, BHBA and AST, positive moderate correlation with glucose and urea. Significant changes were detected in NEFA and glucose parameters, which reflect energy status, and in AST and cholesterol parameters, which provide information about liver function. It was concluded that metabolic adaptation in dairy cows affected by hypomagnesemia may be weakened, and energy balance and liver function may be affected.