Unexplained infertility refers to a diagnosis in which all standard examinations are usually normal and is statistically seen in approximately 30-40% of infertile couples and endometriosis encountered in 25-50% of patients with unexplained infertility. Unexplained infertility is thought to be closely associated with endometriosis and serum and peritoneal fluid levels of Fetuin-A is increased in patients with endometriosis. Fetuin-A is proposed as a diagnostic marker for endometriosis and has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases. Oxidative stress also is central to the etiopathogenesis of infertility in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum Fetuin-A and oxidative stress parameter concentrations impact on unexplained infertility. In the study, serum Fetuin-A, IL-1β, CA I, TAS, TOS levels, and PON and ARE enzyme activities were measured using the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay in the sera of diagnosed unexplained infertility females (n=44) and controls (n=41). There was no statistically significant difference between unexplained infertile patients and control groups in terms of serum IL-1β, CA I, OSI, and PON levels (p>0.05). Serum Fetuin-A and ARE levels were significantly higher in unexplained infertility compared with the control, whereas serum TAS and TOS levels were lower (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). It is thought that increased Fetuin-A levels may be a response to the inflammatory process and increased ARE activity may be a sign of the impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance in unexplained infertility. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of infertility, and the data obtained will make a significant contribution to new works to be done in this sense.

Purpose: Subclinical thyroid diseases constitute the first stage of clinical thyroid, so it is important to investigate underlying mechanisms. Clinical studies have revealed changes in some adipokines concerning thyroid disorders. Relationship chemerin and vaspin adipokines with thyroid hormones are not clear. So, it was aimed to evaluate chemerin, vaspin, oxidative stress and inflammation markers in subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. Material and Methods: The study included 38 SubHyper, 31 SubHypo and 44 controls. Serum chemerin, vaspin, IL-10, CRP, and Ox-LDL were measured with ELISA, while TAS and TOS were spectrofometric method. Results: Serum chemerin were higher in SubHypo, while lower in SubHyper compared to controls. Vaspin levels of subclinical thyroid patients were lower than controls. IL-10 were lower in SubHyper; CRP were higher in both patient groups than controls. TAS were higher in SubHypo; TOS and OSI were lower in SubHyper patients. Conclusion: Increased total antioxidant and CRP in SubHypo and decreased total oxidants, IL-10 and OSI in SubHyper indicated that oxidant-antioxidant balance is impaired suggesting that subclinical thyroid diseases may cause changes in inflammation and defense mechanism. Decrease in chemerin in SubHyper and vaspin in SubHypo and SubHyper show that chemerin and vaspin may be candidates as biomarkers in subclinical thyroid diseases.

Purpose: Gliomas have attracted attention as the most common primary tumor of the CNS. Gliomas are made up of glial components of the nervous system. They cause more than 40% of CNS neoplasms, with an increased incidence in the aged 65 years and older. Despite advances in the characterization of the pathogenesis of these tumors, gliomas remain incurable. In recent years, scientific developments have shifted the attention of scientists to the potentials of galectins in glioma biology. Many studies have reported the important functions of galectins in cancer biology, apoptosis, and escape from tumor immunity, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Although few studies in the literature evaluate galectin expressions in gliomas, in-vitro and in-vivo, no study evaluating galectin serum levels in the clinic has been reported. Therefore, within the scope of this project, the roles of GAL-1, GAL-3, and GAL-8 in glioma pathogenesis and the possible link between gliomagenesis and the serum levels of ITGβ-1, HIF-1α, MMP-2, and − 9 parameters associated with hypoxia, angiogenesis, and migration, were evaluated in newly diagnosed and untreated LGG and HGG. Methods: The study included 50 HGG and 50 LGG patients and 50 healthy controls with mean ages of 55.48 ± 1.51, 41.04 ± 1.66 and 39.20 ± 1.20 years, respectively. Results: Serum GAL-1, -3, -8, ITGβ-1, HIF-1α, MMP-2, and − 9 levels significantly differed between the glioma and healthy control groups. In addition, serum GAL-1, -3, -8, ITGβ-1, MMP-2 and − 9 levels were significantly greater in HGG compared to LGG. Although there was no significant difference in serum HIF-1α levels between the groups with respect to tumor grade, an increase in HGG was observed. This study is the first in the Turkish population in which serum GAL-1, -3, and − 8 levels were clinically evaluated together in glioma pathologies with high angiogenic activity and sheds light on the role of increased serum galectin levels in the promotion of low-grade tumors to high-grade tumors. Conclusion: In this respect, we believe that GAL-8, ITGβ-1, and HIF-1α may be usable as a panel of non-invasive biomarkers for glioma diagnosis. Additionally, this study may contribute to studies on glioma treatment and the inhibition of gliomagenesis by bringing a new perspective on the targeting galectins.

Canine leishmaniasis is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and seen in Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. Dogs play an important role in the spread of the disease as they can be infected clinically and are reservoirs for other mammals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of leishmaniasis in asymptomatic dogs in Bingöl province. In this study, a total of 84 dogs of different breeds, ages, and sexes (male/female) were used. Leishmania antibody IgG levels in the serum of the dogs were measured using an ELISA Kit. It was determined that 5 (19.2%) of the dogs aged

Elaeagnaceae family, which is common in the steppe regions of Asia, Europe, and North America, contains about 45 species, including three genus: Hippophae, Shepherdia, and Elaeagnus. There are two species in the genus Hippophae rhamnoides and Elaeagnus angustifolia. The species of the Elaeagnaceae family is widely used in public and traditional medicine due to its widespread prevalence in the world and in Turkey. Ethnobotanical field studies have revealed that the fruits of E. angustifolia L. are used in Anatolia as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, urolithiatic, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory agent in eye infections. Furthermore, the fruit of this plant is consumed as an appetizer and a source of nutrition. The study aims to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of extracts in different polarities from the leaves, branches, and fruits of E. angustifolia and to establish the content of polyphenolic compounds (flavones and polyphenolic carboxylic acids) in the ethyl acetate extract branches using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). In this context, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts prepared from the plant have been evaluated through in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzyme inhibition, inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase enzyme, and anti-lipoxygenase activity tests. The results showed the highest activity of the ethyl acetate extract from branches. The HPLC-MS analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract prepared from the branches at a concentration of 100 mg/g contains p-coumaric acid (123.91 mg%), ferulic acid (62.07 mg%), kaempferol (43.11 mg%), sinapic acid (9.82 mg%), and quercetol (12.46 mg%). It was concluded that the data obtained in this context supported the use of the plant in folk medicine.