Olives are an essential ingredient in Turkish food culture. Turkey has grown to become one of the top five producers of olives and olive oils in the world. Olive trees in general are found in the coastal parts of the country. The fruits of six traditional cultivars of olive (Gemlik, Domat, Memecik, Ayvalik, Cilli, and Adana Topagi), grown in Adana, were characterized based on their fruit skin color, the amount of chlorophylls, fatty acids, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic compounds, as well as volatile compounds. The international cultivar Manzanilla, grown in the same orchards as the traditional cultivars, was also included in the study to make a comparison. Compared to the Manzanilla cultivar, Memecik showed the highest amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity with the highest level of lightness, blueness/yellowness, and color intensity. Ayvalik presented the highest level of greenness/redness. Although the highest fruit lightness and darkness were found in the Cilli cultivar, with the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.63 mgL⁻¹), there was more chlorophyll b in Adana Topagi fruits (3.34 mgL⁻¹). The highest percentage of fatty acids was found in the Gemlik cultivar of 66.81%, among which oleic acid was the major component. The total aldehydes ranged between 33.43% and 50.60%. Compared to Manzanilla and the traditional cultivars, the Domat cultivar had the highest amount of hexanal of 44.42%. Adana Topagi had the highest amount of alcohols (61.34%) and acids (1.31%). Memecik registered the highest amount of ketones (17.86%) and terpenes (20.34%). Among all cultivars, Manzanilla displayed the highest amount of esters (2.30%). In this study, traditional cultivars were found to be the richest in health-promoting chemicals. Furthermore, a significant variability among the cultivars was revealed, implying that metabolic fingerprinting approaches could be used to differentiate cultivars once more research into the effects of the growing conditions and environmental factors on the chemical profiles of each cultivar is carried out.

Bu çalışma Adana bölgesinden seçilen otuz bir dikenli incir genotipinin pomolojik özelliklerini belirlemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2012 ve 2013 yıllarında seleksiyonu yapılan genotiplerden doğal ortamlarında meyveler toplanmış ve on farklı meyve özelliği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Genotiplerin değerlendirilmesinde tartılı derecelendirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ortalama meyve ağırlığı 80 g, meyve başına ortalama tohum sayısı 240, seçilen genotiplerde meyve şekli genel olarak eliptik (%64.74) olarak bulunmuştur. Meyve kabuğunun soyulma zorluğu orta (%54.83) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Genotiplerin suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı %7 ile %17, pH 5.17-7.36 arasında bulunmuştur. Titre edilebilir asitlik genotipe bağlı olarak önemli farklılık göstermiş ve %1.94 ile %9.08 arasında bulunmuştur. Basit derecelendirme yöntemi sonucunda 01 OP 19 no.lu genotip en yüksek puanı almıştır.

Peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) is widely cultivated due to its easy adaptability to different ecological conditions, early fruit set and a long period of harvest. Peach cultivation extends along 30–45° North and South parallels of latitude. Around 21,638,953 tons of peaches are produced in an area of 1538,174 ha across the world. Turkey ranks sixth with a production of 637,573 tons/year in 29,092 ha area. Early fruiting habit and correlative characteristics of peaches encouraged fruit breeders to study on this fruit species. The main aims of the study are new cultivar or rootstock breeding, resistance to diseases, late ripening season, fruit quality improvement, fruit shape changes, new tree shapes, and low chilling cultivars. Breeding studies have been carried out at the Department of Horticulture at the University of Cukurova since 1990s. In these, peach and nectarine breeding programs with different aims such as late ripening, quality improvement, Sharka resistance, and low chilling cultivars were studied. In this chapter, some of the results on late ripening peach and nectarine breeding program have also been presented.

This experiment was conducted at the Fruit Research Institute, MAREM, Eğirdir-Isparta, Turkey, to detect the effects of different glycine betaine doses in drought stress conditions on young pear trees in 2019. The pear trees used in the study were one-year-old Deveci (Pyrus Comminus L.) variety grafted onto OHxF 333 rootstock. There were three different irrigation treatments in the experiment. Treatments were I₁₀₀ treatment—available soil water reached field capacity for each irrigation, 100% (control); I₅₀ treatment—irrigated with 50% of the water used in the I₁₀₀ treatment (50% water deficit, moderate stress); I₂₅ treatment—irrigated with 25% of the water used in the I₁₀₀ treatment (75% water deficit, severe stress). Four different GB doses were used: GB₀: 0, control; GB₁: 1 mg L⁻¹; GB₅: 5 mg L⁻¹; and GB₁₀: 10 mg L⁻¹. GB was not applied to pear trees in the I₁₀₀ treatment. That is, there were nine different treatments in this study. GB applications provided a 19% increase in Pn of both the I₂₅ and I₅₀ treatments. According to the results of g_sw, g_sw increased between 18.0% and 27.8% for GB₅₀ and GB₂₅ treatments, respectively. In total, 10.9% and 14.8% increasing rates in shoot length were detected in GB₁₀ applications in both the 50% and 75% water deficit treatments. The highest trunk diameter and fresh root weight results were determined in 10 mg L⁻¹ GB dose applications under 50% water deficit conditions (I₅₀GB₁₀).