In the realm of sustainable city development, evaluating the spatial vitality of urban green spaces (UGS) has become increasingly pivotal for assessing public space quality. This study delves into the spatial heterogeneity of park vitality across diverse urban landscapes at a city scale, addressing limitations inherent in conventional approaches to understanding the dynamics of park vitality. Leveraging geotagged check-in data from 65 parks in the study case of Changsha City, a quantitative analysis was undertaken to assess spatial vitality. The investigation incorporated data concerning internal and external factors influencing park vitality, employing the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to dissect nuanced spatial heterogeneity. The research uncovers notable spatial discrepancies in factors influencing park vitality across diverse urban areas, emphasizing the reliance on adjacent residential communities and internal commercial amenities provision. These dependencies correspond with economic development differences among urban locales, revealing distinct geographic trends. This study has a novel perspective and methodology for investigating urban park vitality, providing significant insights for urban green space planning and management. It emphasizes the necessity of acknowledging spatial diversity in urban park planning and design by incorporating the distinct socio-economic characteristics of each urban zone, which is crucial for both urban planners and policymakers.

Solar power is widely regarded as one of the most promising renewable resources for generating electricity and reducing building energy consumption. Logistics parks, with their low-rise buildings and extensive rooftop areas, offer significant advantages for solar energy utilization via rooftop photovoltaics (PVs). However, limited research has been conducted on the proper operational principles and optimized control strategies for the PV systems of logistics parks, particularly regarding the mismatch between power generation and the loads of various building types under varying climatic conditions. This study proposes four optimal PV operation strategies for large-scale logistics parks across diverse climatic regions, developed using a multi-criteria optimization approach. The strategies optimize the azimuth and tilt angles of PV panels under four adjustment frequencies: annual, semi-annual, seasonal, and monthly. The investigated strategies are validated in a 5500 m² logistics park, comprising refrigerated storage, warehouses, sorting centers, and other facilities. The results indicate that the proposed strategies outperform conventional fixed-angle approaches, with the monthly adjustment strategy delivering the best performance. Economic costs are reduced by 9.26–17.02%, while self-sufficiency can be improved by 2.00–7.08%. Cold regions with high solar radiation show particularly significant benefits, with self-consumption increasing by 82.44–359.04%. This study provides valuable insights and practical guidelines for optimizing PV system operations in logistics parks, offering enhanced energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.