The unequal distribution of volcanic products between the Earth-facing lunar side and the farside is the result of a complex thermal history. To help unravel the dichotomy, for the first time a lunar landing mission (Chang’e-4, CE-4) has targeted the Moon’s farside landing on the floor of Von Kármán crater (VK) inside the South Pole-Aitken (SPA). We present the first deep subsurface stratigraphic structure based on data collected by the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover during the initial nine months exploration phase. The radargram reveals several strata interfaces beneath the surveying path: buried ejecta is overlaid by at least four layers of distinct lava flows that probably occurred during the Imbrium Epoch, with thicknesses ranging from 12 m up to about 100 m, providing direct evidence of multiple lava-infilling events that occurred within the VK crater. The average loss tangent of mare basalts is estimated at 0.0040-0.0061.

Chang'e‐5 successfully returned ∼1,731 g of lunar samples on December 17, 2020. We systematically studied the morphology and morphometry of craters surrounding the Chang'e‐5 site based on high‐resolution images. A key ejecta source crater database was produced, incorporating their morphometrical parameters, excavation depth, target rock types, and ages from either crater counting, crater morphology or degradation methods. We found that (a) the regolith at the Chang'e‐5 site is ∼4–6 m thick, (b) ejecta are primarily from five proximal craters, including Xu Guangqi, dominantly with ages <200 Ma; (c) distal materials are mainly from Harpalus, Copernicus, Aristarchus, and Mairan G craters; (d) the drill samples are likely to be mainly from Impact Crater (IC)‐261 and IC‐265 particles at the top and the contribution of Xu Guangqi increases with depth; (e) the ejecta of Xu Guangqi would buried preexisting materials but probably overturned by postimpacts.

Mars' surface is characterized by a weathered layer of regolith and exposed rock exposures that are the results of long‐term geological processes. The Mars Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR) on board the Zhurong rover of China's first Mars mission (Tianwen‐1) has been investigating the fine structure and dielectric properties of the martian regolith in the southern Utopia Planitia. The permittivity of the regolith within 5 m of the landing zone is , and the average loss tangent is 0.0060 ± 0.0002, 0.0087 ± 0.0002, and 0.0114 ± 0.0002 using the geometric compensation of R², R³, R⁴, respectively. The permittivity distribution map has been derived to show permittivity varying with depth and location. The high dispersion of both permittivity and loss tangent values along the traverse path indicates relatively heterogeneous material distribution on the landing site compared to an airless body such as the Moon.