In the context of the coordinated development of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, examining the spatial connections and network structure characteristics of the tourism economy holds substantial theoretical and practical significance. This study constructs a tourism economic quality evaluation index system from four dimensions and optimizes the tourism economic gravity model by incorporating time distance and weight factors to dynamically simulate the intensity of tourism economic spatial connection (ITESC). Based on the new perspective of relational data, social network analysis is employed to investigate the spatial correlation network characteristics and group structure changes in the tourism economy within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA). The results demonstrate a significant improvement in overall tourism economic quality from 2013 to 2022, with the average quality increasing from 0.128 in 2013 to 0.157 in 2022. Tourism economic spatial connections are prevalent among cities, exhibiting heterogeneous characteristics, characterized by density in the north and relatively sparse in the south. The network cohesion of ITESC strengthens, and the network structure evolves from a highly centralized to a multi-centralized configuration, with increasingly frequent cooperation and interaction in tourism between cities. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang occupy central positions in the network, exhibiting strong ITESC and a high degree of connectivity, generating a significant “trickle-down effect” on peripheral cities. Consequently, strengthening ITESC between peripheral cities and core areas, as well as enhancing the bidirectional spillover of tourism development between cities, is crucial for the future sustainable and coordinated development of tourism in the BTHUA.

The types of ecosystem services are complex and diverse. This study estimated four ecosystem services, their trade-offs, and their synergistic outcomes in 2010, 2015, and 2020 using the InVEST model. Globally, results showed that waterfront ecosystem services are high (low) in the north (south), and that high-value areas are mainly in Sweden and Finland in Europe; the Congo in Africa; Russia, Southwest China, and Indonesia in Asia; the Northwestern United States and Canada in North America, and northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil in South America. Overall, ecosystem services changed little during 2010–2020. Additionally, a notable trade-off was found between water yield and habitat quality, and strong synergies were found between water yield and carbon storage and sequestration, water yield and sediment delivery ratio, carbon storage and sequestration and sediment delivery ratio, and carbon storage and habitat quality. The results of this study could help promote sustainable development of waterfronts globally.

This study investigates how sensory perception shapes memorable tourism experiences by analyzing 284,587 user-generated texts. We developed a nine-dimensional framework that incorporates interoception, proprioception, kinesthesia, and thermoception, beyond the traditional five senses, as well as a semantic analysis protocol for identifying memorable tourism experiences. The results revealed: (1) Nine senses exhibit varying magnitudes on memorable tourism experiences; (2) sensory intensity and diversity respectively demonstrate a saturation effect and inverted U-shaped influence with memorable tourism experiences; (3) visual-auditory-kinesthetic and visual-kinesthetic-thermoceptive combination significantly enhance memorable tourism experiences. This study advances the theoretical understanding of tourism experiences by quantifying extended sensory dimensions and memorable tourism experiences while providing novel empirical evidence for the relationships between nine senses and memorable tourism experiences.