The article presents new data on biology and ecology of invasive ichthyofauna of the Middle Irtysh basin on the territory of Pavlodar region. Using the literature data, the species composition of alien species inhabiting the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Irtysh River is summarized. In the Middle Irtysh basin, 15 invasive fish species belonging to 5 families and 13 genera are currently registered. The largest number of species belong to the carp family (9 species or 60%), salmonids include 3 species or 20%, other families are represented by one species. Only three species have acclimatized and entered the fishery in the Middle Irtysh basin: bream, carp (carp) and pikeperch. The share in commercial catches is from 15.7 to 27.7% for bream, from 0.2 to 1.5% for carp and from 0.8 to 1.3% for pikeperch. The largest number of caught bream individuals was registered in backwaters, carp in channels and lakes, pikeperch in Irtysh channels. The data on growth rate of these three fish species with the results of regression analysis are given. Data on the results of introduction of 11 more fish species are briefly summarized. It is concluded that spontaneous introductions sometimes lead to complete reorganization of biocenosis as a result of introduction of predator or food competitor, transfer of dangerous parasites or diseases. Most often, after a small “acclimatization effect” a water body not ready for the press of an introduced species becomes impoverished and becomes unattractive for fishermen and unpromising for commercial fish farming. Given that the problem of alien fish species is a serious environmental problem, its solution requires a comprehensive approach including scientific research, monitoring, management and educational programs.

The article discusses the problems of pollution of the Ertis River in the Kazakhstani part of the basin. The data on the quality of river water obtained in the period from 2012 to 2023, which is generally characterized as unsatisfactory, was analyzed. The main sources of river pollution are discharges of industrial and municipal wastewater in the Bukhtarma, Ulba, Ertis river basins, and there is also a trans-boundary impact. As a result of the activities of a number of industrial complexes in the studied area, increased concentrations of heavy metals (lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium), nutrients (iron), and suspended particles (11.9–28.3 mg/dm³) are observed in the water of the Ertis River. The most polluted sections of the river are in the areas of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk and Pavlodar. To improve the water quality of the Ertis River, it is necessary to take measures to reduce trans-boundary discharges of pollutants, ensure effective treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater, and also monitor the quality of the river’s water in order to track the dynamics of pollution and take timely measures to reduce it.

The study is devoted to determining the factors affecting the volume of agricultural production, the ability to meet the food needs of populations, as well as the environmental efficiency of production, defined as the ratio of the number of kilocalories produced by the agricultural sector to the amount of greenhouse gasses it emits. Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) were chosen as an example. They are characterized by similar natural conditions (mainly dry, continental climate, and the dominant role of permanent grassland in agricultural land use), as well as a common economic history (as former republics of the USSR). As shown in this study, land productivity and environmental efficiency of production depend on natural factors, while the actual ability to meet each nation’s food needs depends on human activity, including primary measures taken to improve environmental efficiency within natural limits.

АО «Казахстанский электролизный завод» ежегодно производит комплексный технологический аудит в соответствии с общепринятыми практиками и законодательством Республики Казахстан. На производстве применяется ряд технических решений, которые можно отнести к лучшим практикам, направленных на предотвращение или минимизацию негативного антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду В статье произведен анализ деятельности АО «Казахстанский электролизный завод» по очистке атмосферных выбросов и сточных вод, образующихся при производстве алюминия. Особое внимание уделяется способам очистки выбросов фтористых соединений в атмосферу. Основным пылегазоулавливающим (ПГУ) оборудованием является рукавный фильтр, которых используется несколько типов. В качестве фильтрующего материала используются иглопробивной полиэстер (нейлон), полиэстер и волокно полиэфирное. Данные фильтры достаточно эффективные, фактический КПД аппаратов 99,3–99,4 %. Как показал анализ концентраций некоторых веществ, на выходе из пылегазоулавливающего оборудования минимальное содержание KF, NaF, Na3AlF6 составляет 0,1 мг/м3, а максимальное – 5,04 мг/м3. Анализ используемых в производстве алюминия пылегазоочистного оборудования доказывает минимальное негативное воздействие на окружающую среду. Мониторинг сбросов загрязняющих веществ со сточными водами на предприятии проводится ежеквартально в 3 точках по показателям концентраций следующих веществ на выпуске (мг/дм3): взвешенные вещества, хлориды, сульфаты, железо общее, натрий, кальций, магний, фториды, ПАВ, нефтепродукты, алюминий, фосфаты, аммиак, а также по количеству сбросов (т/год). Сброс в пруд-испаритель осуществляется по двум водоспускам. Согласно данных, общее количество сбросов из водовыпуска № 1 в 2022 году было равно 21,29 т., из водовыпуска № 2 – 15,326 т. Произведенный анализ показал, что концентрации веществ в сточных водах соответствуют требованиям, отраженных в нормативно-правовых актах и нормативно-технических документах страны. Ключевые слова: производство алюминия, фтористые соединения, концентрации веществ, сточные воды, эффективные технологии

This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of pollutants on atmospheric air in the operating area of the Bozshakol copper-molybdenum deposit. Mining activity has complex and multifaceted impacts on the environment. This applies in particular to open-pit mining. During open-pit mining, a significant amount of pollutants are released into the air, with inorganic dust being the main pollutant. During the study, the main pollutants were identified: inorganic dust SiO2 less than 20 %, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, saturated hydrocarbons C12-C19. Atmospheric air samples were taken with meteorological support (temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed) at six points on the border of the design sanitary protection zone. Analyzing the results obtained, it can be concluded that no exceedances of pollutant concentrations above the maximum allowable concentrations were found. In addition, both stationary and fugitive sources of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere have been identified. The authors proposed general recommendations for reducing the impact of industrial activities on the atmosphere and localizing the spread of pollutants at enterprises during mining operations and related measures to reduce emissions.