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Dr. Artur Camposo Pereira
Instituto Militar de Engenharia

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0 Graphene oxide
0 Composites And Applications
0 polymer application
0 Thermo-mechanical behavior
0 ballistic protection

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natural fiber
Graphene oxide
Thermo-mechanical behavior
ballistic protection

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Journal article
Published: 15 August 2021 in Polymers
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Polymer composites reinforced with natural fabric have recently been investigated as possible ballistic armor for personal protection against different levels of ammunition. In particular, fabric made of fique fibers, which is extracted from the leaves of the Furcraea andina, was applied as reinforcement for polymer composites used in a multilayered armor system (MAS). The superior performance of the fique fabric composites as a second MAS layer motivated this brief report on the determination of the absorbed energy and capability to limit velocity in the stand-alone ballistic tests. The single plates of epoxy composites, which were reinforced with up to 50 vol% of fique fabric, were ballistic tested as targets against 7.62 mm high-speed, ~840 m/s, impact ammunition for the first time. The results were statistically analyzed by the Weibull method and ANOVA. The absorbed energies of the 200–219 J and limit velocities of 202–211 m/s were found statistically similar to the epoxy composites reinforced with the fique fabric from 15 to 50 vol%. Predominantly, these findings are better than those reported for the plain epoxy and aramid fabric (KevlarTM) used as stand-alone plates with the same thickness. Macrocracks in the 15 and 30 vol% fique fabric composites compromise their application as armor plates. The delamination rupture mechanism was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. By contrast, the integrity was maintained in the 40 and 50 vol% composites, ensuring superior ballistic protection compared to the use of KevlarTM.

ACS Style

Michelle Souza Oliveira; Fernanda Santos da Luz; Henry Alonso Colorado Lopera; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Energy Absorption and Limit Velocity of Epoxy Composites Incorporated with Fique Fabric as Ballistic Armor—A Brief Report. Polymers 2021, 13, 2727 .

AMA Style

Michelle Souza Oliveira, Fernanda Santos da Luz, Henry Alonso Colorado Lopera, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Energy Absorption and Limit Velocity of Epoxy Composites Incorporated with Fique Fabric as Ballistic Armor—A Brief Report. Polymers. 2021; 13 (16):2727.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michelle Souza Oliveira; Fernanda Santos da Luz; Henry Alonso Colorado Lopera; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2021. "Energy Absorption and Limit Velocity of Epoxy Composites Incorporated with Fique Fabric as Ballistic Armor—A Brief Report." Polymers 13, no. 16: 2727.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2021 in Journal of Composites Science
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Since the mid-2000s, several studies were carried out regarding the development of ballistic resistant materials based on polymeric matrix composites reinforced with natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs). The results reported so far are promising and are often comparable to commonly used materials such as KevlarTM, especially when used as an intermediate layer in a multilayer armor system (MAS). However, the most suitable configuration for these polymer composites reinforced with NLFs when subjected to high strain rates still lacks investigation. This work aimed to evaluate four possible arrangements for epoxy matrix composite reinforced with a stiff Brazilian NLF, piassava fiber, regarding energy absorption, and ballistic efficiency. Performance was evaluated against the ballistic impact of high-energy 7.62 mm ammunition. Obtained results were statistically validated by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honest test. Furthermore, the micromechanics associated with the failure of these composites were determined. Energy absorption of the same magnitude as KevlarTM and indentation depth below the limit predicted by NIJ standard were obtained for all conditions.

ACS Style

Fabio Garcia Filho; Fernanda Luz; Michelle Oliveira; Wendell Bezerra; Josiane Barbosa; Sergio Monteiro. Influence of Rigid Brazilian Natural Fiber Arrangements in Polymer Composites: Energy Absorption and Ballistic Efficiency. Journal of Composites Science 2021, 5, 201 .

AMA Style

Fabio Garcia Filho, Fernanda Luz, Michelle Oliveira, Wendell Bezerra, Josiane Barbosa, Sergio Monteiro. Influence of Rigid Brazilian Natural Fiber Arrangements in Polymer Composites: Energy Absorption and Ballistic Efficiency. Journal of Composites Science. 2021; 5 (8):201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Garcia Filho; Fernanda Luz; Michelle Oliveira; Wendell Bezerra; Josiane Barbosa; Sergio Monteiro. 2021. "Influence of Rigid Brazilian Natural Fiber Arrangements in Polymer Composites: Energy Absorption and Ballistic Efficiency." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 8: 201.

Communication
Published: 10 July 2021 in Polymers
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Fibers extracted from Amazonian plants that have traditionally been used by local communities to produce simple items such as ropes, nets, and rugs, are now recognized as promising composite reinforcements. This is the case for guaruman (Ischinosiphon körn) fiber, which was recently found to present potential mechanical and ballistic properties as 30 vol% reinforcement of epoxy composites. To complement these properties, Izod impact tests are now communicated in this brief report for similar composites with up to 30 vol% of guaruman fibers. A substantial increase in impact resistance, with over than 20 times the absorbed energy for the 30 vol% guaruman fiber composite, was obtained in comparison to neat epoxy. These results were statistically validated by Weibull analysis, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test. Scanning electron microscopy analysis disclosed the mechanisms responsible for the impact performance of the guaruman fiber composites.

ACS Style

Raphael Reis; Fabio Garcia Filho; Larissa Nunes; Veronica Candido; Alisson Silva; Sergio Monteiro. Impact Resistance of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amazon Guaruman Fiber: A Brief Report. Polymers 2021, 13, 2264 .

AMA Style

Raphael Reis, Fabio Garcia Filho, Larissa Nunes, Veronica Candido, Alisson Silva, Sergio Monteiro. Impact Resistance of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amazon Guaruman Fiber: A Brief Report. Polymers. 2021; 13 (14):2264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raphael Reis; Fabio Garcia Filho; Larissa Nunes; Veronica Candido; Alisson Silva; Sergio Monteiro. 2021. "Impact Resistance of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amazon Guaruman Fiber: A Brief Report." Polymers 13, no. 14: 2264.

Brief report
Published: 07 June 2021 in Polymers
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The coating of natural fiber by graphene oxide (GO) has, over, this past decade, attracted increasing attention as an effective way to improve the adhesion to polymer matrices and enhance the composite properties. In particular, the GO-functionalized 30 vol% curaua fiber (Ananas Erectifolius) reinforcing epoxy composite was found to display superior tensile and thermogravimetric properties as well as higher fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength. In this brief report, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was conducted in up to 50 vol% GO-functionalized curaua fiber reinforced epoxy matrix (EM) composites. The objective was not only to extend the amount incorporated but also for the first time investigate the composite viscoelastic behavior. The GO functionalization of curaua fibers (GOCF) improved the DMA storage (E′) and loss (E″) modulus compared to the non-functionalized fiber composites. Values at 30 °C of both E′ (13.44 GPa) and E″ (0.67 GPa) for 50 vol% GO-functionalized curaua fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites (50GOCF/EM) were substantially higher than those of 20 GOCF/EM with E′ (7.08 GPa) and E″ (0.22 GPa) as well as non-functionalized 50CF/EM with E′ (11.04 GPa) and E″ (0.45 GPa). All these results are above the neat epoxy previously reported values of E′ (3.86 GPa) and E″ (0.09 GPa). As for the tangent delta, the parameters associated with damping factor and glass transition temperature were not found to be significantly changed by GO functionalization, but decreased with respect to the neat epoxy due to chain mobility restriction.

ACS Style

Ulisses Costa; Lucio Nascimento; Wendell Almeida Bezerra; Vinícius De Oliveira Aguiar; Artur Pereira; Sergio Monteiro; Wagner Pinheiro. Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Graphene Oxide Functionalized Curaua Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: A Brief Report. Polymers 2021, 13, 1897 .

AMA Style

Ulisses Costa, Lucio Nascimento, Wendell Almeida Bezerra, Vinícius De Oliveira Aguiar, Artur Pereira, Sergio Monteiro, Wagner Pinheiro. Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Graphene Oxide Functionalized Curaua Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: A Brief Report. Polymers. 2021; 13 (11):1897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulisses Costa; Lucio Nascimento; Wendell Almeida Bezerra; Vinícius De Oliveira Aguiar; Artur Pereira; Sergio Monteiro; Wagner Pinheiro. 2021. "Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Graphene Oxide Functionalized Curaua Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: A Brief Report." Polymers 13, no. 11: 1897.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Polymers
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In a recent paper, novel polyester nanocomposites reinforced with up to 3 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from conifer fiber were characterized for their crystallinity index, water absorption, and flexural and thermal resistance. The use of this novel class of nanocomposites as a possible substitute for conventional glass fiber composites (fiberglass) was then suggested, especially for the 1 and 2 wt% CNC composites due to promising bending, density, and water absorption results. However, for effective engineering applications requiring impact and tensile performance, the corresponding properties need to be evaluated. Therefore, this extension of the previous work presents additional results on Izod and tensile tests of 1 and 2 wt% CNC-reinforced polyester composites, together with a comparative cost analysis with fiberglass. The chemical effect caused by incorporation of CNCs into polyester was also investigated by FTIR. In comparison to the neat polyester, the Izod impact energy increased 50% and 16% for the 1 and 2 wt% composites, respectively. On the other hand, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus remained constant within the ANOVA statistical analysis. FTIR analysis failed to reveal any chemical modification caused by up to 2 wt% CNC incorporation. The present impact and tensile results corroborate the promising substitution of a polyester composite reinforced with very low amount of CNCs for common fiberglass in engineering application.

ACS Style

Grazielle Maradini; Michel Oliveira; Lilian Carreira; Damaris Guimarães; Demetrius Profeti; Ananias Dias Júnior; Walter Boschetti; Bárbara Oliveira; Artur Pereira; Sergio Monteiro. Impact and Tensile Properties of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystal: A Previous Study Extension. Polymers 2021, 13, 1878 .

AMA Style

Grazielle Maradini, Michel Oliveira, Lilian Carreira, Damaris Guimarães, Demetrius Profeti, Ananias Dias Júnior, Walter Boschetti, Bárbara Oliveira, Artur Pereira, Sergio Monteiro. Impact and Tensile Properties of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystal: A Previous Study Extension. Polymers. 2021; 13 (11):1878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grazielle Maradini; Michel Oliveira; Lilian Carreira; Damaris Guimarães; Demetrius Profeti; Ananias Dias Júnior; Walter Boschetti; Bárbara Oliveira; Artur Pereira; Sergio Monteiro. 2021. "Impact and Tensile Properties of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystal: A Previous Study Extension." Polymers 13, no. 11: 1878.

Conference paper
Published: 17 February 2021 in The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
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Since the twenty-first century began, environmental concerns related to energetic consumption and pollution have been gaining attention. In part, these could be associated with production and disregard synthetic materials. Using natural materials instead of synthetic aimed to become a trend, which has not happened. Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) were showed to be capable of replacing synthetic fibers in polymer composites. However, some limitations such as damage from heat can be considered a major constraint for wider application of NLFs/polymer composites. A novel strategy that is suggested to improve this property is the graphene oxide (GO) functionalization of NLFs. This work investigates the thermal behavior of epoxy/NLF composites, with and without GO functionalization. Two different amounts of reinforcement, low (20 vol%) and high (40 vol%), were dynamic mechanically investigated up to 160 °C. Investigated parameters revealed notable changes attributed to GO-functionalization effect on the NLF regarding viscous stiffness and damping capacity of the composite.

ACS Style

Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Michelle Souza Oliveira; Fernanda Santos da Luz; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Influence of Graphene Oxide Functionalization Strategy on the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series 2021, 29 -36.

AMA Style

Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Michelle Souza Oliveira, Fernanda Santos da Luz, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Influence of Graphene Oxide Functionalization Strategy on the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. 2021; ():29-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Michelle Souza Oliveira; Fernanda Santos da Luz; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2021. "Influence of Graphene Oxide Functionalization Strategy on the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series , no. : 29-36.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Novel conjugated random and block terpolymers composed of two electron-donating blocks - fluorene (Flo) and carbazole (Cz) - as well as one electron-accepting unit of thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene (TBT) with the same (Flo:TBT:Cz) molar ratio of 0.5:1:0.5 were synthesized. The effects of their microstructure on physico-chemical properties and the performance of photovoltaic conversion were characterized. These conjugated terpolymers displayed two absorption peaks in UV–Vis analysis around 400 and 600 nm with a similar and narrow bandgap (1.9 eV, UV–Vis film), which is suitable to be applied as p-type semiconductors in an organic solar cell (OSC). Both synthesized terpolymers presented a high average molecular weight and degradation temperature above 400 °C. OSCs were assembled for determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Block terpolymer with a PCE of 1.3%, higher than that of 0.9% for the random terpolymer, was used as the electron donor in a conventional cell configuration. The device's optimization improved the photovoltaic parameters, mainly the short circuit current density, which allowed a PCE of 3.2% to be achieved. These results demonstrate that the synthesis of block terpolymers is a simple and practical approach for optimizing a conjugated polymer for an efficient OSC.

ACS Style

Bianca Pedroso Silva Santos; Allan Bastos Lima; Francineide Lopes de Araújo; Isabela Custódio Mota; Arthur De Castro Ribeiro; Ana Flávia Nogueira; José Geraldo De Melo Furtado; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Maria De Fátima Vieira Marques; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Synthesis of novel low bandgap random and block terpolymers with improved performance in organic solar cells. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 10, 51 -65.

AMA Style

Bianca Pedroso Silva Santos, Allan Bastos Lima, Francineide Lopes de Araújo, Isabela Custódio Mota, Arthur De Castro Ribeiro, Ana Flávia Nogueira, José Geraldo De Melo Furtado, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Maria De Fátima Vieira Marques, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Synthesis of novel low bandgap random and block terpolymers with improved performance in organic solar cells. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 10 ():51-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bianca Pedroso Silva Santos; Allan Bastos Lima; Francineide Lopes de Araújo; Isabela Custódio Mota; Arthur De Castro Ribeiro; Ana Flávia Nogueira; José Geraldo De Melo Furtado; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Maria De Fátima Vieira Marques; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Synthesis of novel low bandgap random and block terpolymers with improved performance in organic solar cells." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 10, no. : 51-65.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2020 in Polymers
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The application of cellulose nanocrystal has lately been investigated as polymer composites reinforcement owing to favorable characteristics of biodegradability and cost effectiveness as well as superior mechanical properties. In the present work novel nanocomposites of unsaturated polyester matrix reinforced with low amount of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals obtained from conifer fiber (CNC) were characterized. The polyester matrix and nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), bending test, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result showed that the addition of only 2 wt% CNC increased the nanocomposite flexural strength by 159%, the ductility by 500% and the toughness by 1420%. Fracture analyses by SEM revealed a uniform participation of the CNC in the polyester microstructure. The resistance to thermal degradation of the CNC reinforced nanocomposites was improved in more than 20 °C as compared to neat polyester. No significant changes were detected in the water absorptions and XRD pattern of the neat polyester with incorporations up to 3 wt% CNC. These results reveal that the 2 wt% CNC nanocomposite might be a promising more ductile, lightweight and cost-effective substitute for conventional glass fiber composites in engineering applications.

ACS Style

Grazielle Da Silva Maradini; Michel Picanço Oliveira; Gabriel Madeira Da Silva Guanaes; Gabriel Zuqui Passamani; Lilian Gasparelli Carreira; Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti; Sergio Neves Monteiro; Artur Camposo Pereira; Bárbara Ferreira De Oliveira. Characterization of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers 2020, 12, 2838 .

AMA Style

Grazielle Da Silva Maradini, Michel Picanço Oliveira, Gabriel Madeira Da Silva Guanaes, Gabriel Zuqui Passamani, Lilian Gasparelli Carreira, Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Artur Camposo Pereira, Bárbara Ferreira De Oliveira. Characterization of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers. 2020; 12 (12):2838.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grazielle Da Silva Maradini; Michel Picanço Oliveira; Gabriel Madeira Da Silva Guanaes; Gabriel Zuqui Passamani; Lilian Gasparelli Carreira; Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti; Sergio Neves Monteiro; Artur Camposo Pereira; Bárbara Ferreira De Oliveira. 2020. "Characterization of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystals." Polymers 12, no. 12: 2838.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Polymers
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Graphene oxide (GO) incorporation in natural fiber composites has recently defined a novel class of materials with enhanced properties for applications, including ballistic armors. In the present work, the performance of a 0.5 vol % GO-incorporated epoxy matrix composite reinforced with 30 vol % fabric made of ramie fibers was investigated by stand-alone ballistic tests against the threat of a 0.22 lead projectile. Composite characterization was also performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. Ballistic tests disclosed an absorbed energy of 130 J, which is higher than those reported for other natural fabrics epoxy composite, 74–97 J, as well as plain Kevlar (synthetic aramid fabric), 100 J, with the same thickness. This is attributed to the improved adhesion between the ramie fabric and the composite matrix due to the GO—incorporated epoxy. The onset of thermal degradation above 300 °C indicates a relatively higher working temperature as compared to common natural fiber polymer composites. DSC peaks show a low amount of heat absorbed or release due to glass transition endothermic (113–121 °C) and volatile release exothermic (~132 °C) events. The 1030 cm−1 prominent FTIR band, associated with GO bands between epoxy chains and graphene oxide groups, suggested an effective distribution of GO throughout the composite matrix. As expected, XRD of the 30 vol % ramie fabric-reinforced GO-incorporated epoxy matrix composite confirmed the displacement of the (0 0 1) peak of GO by 8° due to intercalation of epoxy chains into the spacing between GO layers. By improving the adhesion to the ramie fabric and enhancing the thermal stability of the epoxy matrix, as well as by superior absorption energy from projectile penetration, the GO may contribute to the composite effective ballistic performance.

ACS Style

Artur Camposo Pereira; Andreza Menezes Lima; Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes; Michelle Souza Oliveira; Ulisses Oliveira Costa; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra; Sergio Neves Monteiro; Ruben Jesus Sanchez Rodriguez; Janine Feitosa De Deus; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro. Ballistic Performance of Ramie Fabric Reinforcing Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composite. Polymers 2020, 12, 2711 .

AMA Style

Artur Camposo Pereira, Andreza Menezes Lima, Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes, Michelle Souza Oliveira, Ulisses Oliveira Costa, Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Ruben Jesus Sanchez Rodriguez, Janine Feitosa De Deus, Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro. Ballistic Performance of Ramie Fabric Reinforcing Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composite. Polymers. 2020; 12 (11):2711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Artur Camposo Pereira; Andreza Menezes Lima; Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes; Michelle Souza Oliveira; Ulisses Oliveira Costa; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra; Sergio Neves Monteiro; Ruben Jesus Sanchez Rodriguez; Janine Feitosa De Deus; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro. 2020. "Ballistic Performance of Ramie Fabric Reinforcing Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composite." Polymers 12, no. 11: 2711.

Proceedings
Published: 11 November 2020 in Materials Proceedings
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Dye removal from manufacturing and textile industry wastewater is one of the biggest challenges in plants. The improper disposal of water with residual dyes can contaminate effluents and fresh water sources. In this work, filtration membranes based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were fabricated by the spray coating method, and its capability to remove dyes from water was evaluated. Graphene oxide was prepared by a modified Hummers method and posteriorly reduced with ascorbic acid; a simple and fast spray coating fabrication method was employed to produce stable membranes, which were analyzed in a home-made permeation cell. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were able to prove that rGO dispersion was formed by graphene flakes with about 45.9 μm of lateral dimension; X-ray diffraction, SEM and Raman analyses indicate that the spray method was efficient in producing stable and uniform filtration membranes; and UV-vis absorption spectra of feed and permeation solution indicate that rGO membranes were capable in removing dye from water. By the main results, it is possible to affirm that rGO filtration membranes are an efficient, low-cost, scalable and fast way to remove dyes from wastewater.

ACS Style

Andreza Lima; Anthony Oliveira; Luana Demosthenes; Talita Sousa; Artur Pereira; Roberto Carvalho; Wagner Anacleto. Reduced Graphene Oxide Filtration Membranes for Dye Removal—Production and Characterization. Materials Proceedings 2020, 4, 29 .

AMA Style

Andreza Lima, Anthony Oliveira, Luana Demosthenes, Talita Sousa, Artur Pereira, Roberto Carvalho, Wagner Anacleto. Reduced Graphene Oxide Filtration Membranes for Dye Removal—Production and Characterization. Materials Proceedings. 2020; 4 (1):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreza Lima; Anthony Oliveira; Luana Demosthenes; Talita Sousa; Artur Pereira; Roberto Carvalho; Wagner Anacleto. 2020. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Filtration Membranes for Dye Removal—Production and Characterization." Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1: 29.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2020 in Acta Biomaterialia
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The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) wields one of the largest bills of any bird and is distinguished by the deployable throat pouch of extensible tissue used to capture prey. Here we report on mechanical properties and microstructure of the pouch skin. It exhibits significant anisotropy, with the transverse direction having maximum nominal tensile strains of 200% to 300%, triple the value in the longitudinal direction. This is a higher extensibility than most conventional skin and is the result of the requirement of the sac to net fish; it should expand laterally, with controlled longitudinal stretch. Transmission electron microscopy provides microstructural evidence of the directionality of the collagen fibers and reveals the individual collagen fibrils with a bimodal diameter distribution having peaks at 100 and 170 nm. These dimensions are similar to collagen in mammal skin. In the lateral direction, the fibers form a curvy pattern with a radius of approximately 2 µm wherein the fibrils reorient, straighten, slide, and stretch elastically under tensile load. A second mechanism operates in the transverse direction; the membrane forms a corrugated pattern that, upon straightening of collagen fibrils, confers additional extensibility. This elicits the anisotropic response observed in tensile testing. This work focuses on the mechanical characterization based on the effect of relative bird age, sample location on the pouch, and strain rate. Anterior-posterior location and strain rate are not major influencers on exhibited strengths and extensibilities. However, bird age and dorsal-ventral location are found to affect the mechanical response of the pouch significantly. A physically-based constitutive model is developed for the middle layer of the gular sac, based on observations, which predicts maximum stresses, strains, and the shape of the stress-strain curve consistent with the experimental results.

ACS Style

Seth Dike; Wen Yang; Andrei Pissarenko; Haocheng Quan; Fabio C. Garcia Filho; Robert O. Ritchie; Marc A. Meyers. On the gular sac tissue of the brown pelican: Structural characterization and mechanical properties. Acta Biomaterialia 2020, 118, 161 -181.

AMA Style

Seth Dike, Wen Yang, Andrei Pissarenko, Haocheng Quan, Fabio C. Garcia Filho, Robert O. Ritchie, Marc A. Meyers. On the gular sac tissue of the brown pelican: Structural characterization and mechanical properties. Acta Biomaterialia. 2020; 118 ():161-181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seth Dike; Wen Yang; Andrei Pissarenko; Haocheng Quan; Fabio C. Garcia Filho; Robert O. Ritchie; Marc A. Meyers. 2020. "On the gular sac tissue of the brown pelican: Structural characterization and mechanical properties." Acta Biomaterialia 118, no. : 161-181.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2020 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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In the present work, two types of composites were produced, both reinforced with 30 vol% of curaua fibers (CF). In the first type, only the fiber was functionalized with graphene oxide (GO), producing the GOCF/EM composite. While in the second, only the epoxy matrix (EM) was functionalized, producing the CF/GOEM composite. The objective of the work was to investigate the influence of functionalization with GO on the tensile properties of these produced composites. In comparison with the non GO-functionalized composite, as control CF/EM, the results revealed an increase in yield strength (64%), tensile strength (40%), Young's modulus (60%) and toughness (28%) of the CF/GOEM composite. The GOCF/EM composites for which the fibers were functionalized with GO also performed better than the CF/EM composite. The ANOVA and Tukey tests confirm this increase. As for ductility, within the standard deviation, no change was observed between samples functionalized by GO and those from the control. For the first time, comparing the results of the composites, it was demonstrated that a polymer matrix functionalized by GO offers superior tensile performance compared to the other types, keeping the same GO concentration in the composite. This fact is corroborated by the analysis of the corresponding fracture mechanisms. Preliminary results of composite with simultaneous functionalization of both fiber and epoxy matrix failed to present superior properties. This might be attributed to high amount of GO, which is apparently not a good reinforcement as the curaua fiber.

ACS Style

Ulisses Oliveira Costa; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Julianna Magalhães Garcia; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra; Garcia Filho Fabio da Costa; Fernanda Santos da Luz; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Mechanical properties of composites with graphene oxide functionalization of either epoxy matrix or curaua fiber reinforcement. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9, 13390 -13401.

AMA Style

Ulisses Oliveira Costa, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Julianna Magalhães Garcia, Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra, Garcia Filho Fabio da Costa, Fernanda Santos da Luz, Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Mechanical properties of composites with graphene oxide functionalization of either epoxy matrix or curaua fiber reinforcement. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 9 (6):13390-13401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulisses Oliveira Costa; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Julianna Magalhães Garcia; Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra; Garcia Filho Fabio da Costa; Fernanda Santos da Luz; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Mechanical properties of composites with graphene oxide functionalization of either epoxy matrix or curaua fiber reinforcement." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 6: 13390-13401.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Polymers
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The replacement of synthetic fibers by natural fibers has, in recent decades, been the subject of intense research, particularly as reinforcement of composites. In this work, the lesser known tucum fiber, extracted from the leaves of the Amazon Astrocaryum vulgare palm tree, is investigated as a possible novel reinforcement of epoxy composites. The tucum fiber was characterized by pullout test for interfacial adhesion with epoxy matrix. The fiber presented a critical length of 6.30 mm, with interfacial shear strength of 2.73 MPa. Composites prepared with different volume fractions of 20 and 40% tucum fiber were characterized by tensile and Izod impact tests, as well as by ballistic impact energy absorption using .22 ammunition. A cost analysis compared the tucum fiber epoxy composites with other natural and synthetic fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The results showed that 40 vol% tucum fiber epoxy composites increased the tensile strength by 104% and the absorbed Izod impact energy by 157% in comparison to the plain epoxy, while the ballistic performance of the 20 vol% tucum fiber composites increased 150%. These results confirmed for the first time a reinforcement effect of the tucum fiber to polymer composites. Moreover, these composites exhibit superior cost effectiveness, taking into account a comparison made with others epoxy polymer composites.

ACS Style

Michelle Souza Oliveira; Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Andressa Teixeira Souza; Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes; Artur Camposo Pereira; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Fábio De Oliveira Braga; André Ben-Hur Da Silva Figueiredo; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Tucum Fiber from Amazon Astrocaryum vulgare Palm Tree: Novel Reinforcement for Polymer Composites. Polymers 2020, 12, 2259 .

AMA Style

Michelle Souza Oliveira, Fernanda Santos Da Luz, Andressa Teixeira Souza, Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes, Artur Camposo Pereira, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Fábio De Oliveira Braga, André Ben-Hur Da Silva Figueiredo, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Tucum Fiber from Amazon Astrocaryum vulgare Palm Tree: Novel Reinforcement for Polymer Composites. Polymers. 2020; 12 (10):2259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michelle Souza Oliveira; Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Andressa Teixeira Souza; Luana Cristyne Da Cruz Demosthenes; Artur Camposo Pereira; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Fábio De Oliveira Braga; André Ben-Hur Da Silva Figueiredo; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Tucum Fiber from Amazon Astrocaryum vulgare Palm Tree: Novel Reinforcement for Polymer Composites." Polymers 12, no. 10: 2259.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Polymers
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A basic characterization of novel epoxy matrix composites incorporated with up to 40 vol% of processed leaf fibers from the Copernicia prunifera palm tree, known as carnauba fibers, was performed. The tensile properties for the composite reinforced with 40 vol% of carnauba fibers showed an increase (40%) in the tensile strength and (69%) for the elastic modulus. All composites presented superior elongation values in comparison to neat epoxy. Izod impact tests complemented by fibers/matrix interfacial strength evaluation by pullout test and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed for the first time a significant reinforcement effect (> 9 times) caused by the carnauba fiber to polymer matrix. Additional thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) showed the onset of thermal degradation for the composites (326 ~ 306 °C), which represents a better thermal stability than the plain carnauba fiber (267 °C) but slightly lower than that of the neat epoxy (342 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) disclosed an endothermic peak at 63 °C for the neat epoxy associated with the glass transition temperature (Tg). DSC endothermic peaks for the composites, between 73 to 103 °C, and for the plain carnauba fibers, 107 °C, are attributed to moisture release. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms Tg of 64 °C for the neat epoxy and slightly higher composite values (82–84 °C) due to the carnauba fiber interference with the epoxy macromolecular chain mobility. Both by its higher impact resistance and thermal behavior, the novel carnauba fibers epoxy composites might be considered a viable substitute for commonly used glass fiber composites.

ACS Style

Raí Felipe Pereira Junio; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Lucas De Mendonça Neuba; Andressa Teixeira Souza; João Victor Barbosa Moura; Fábio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Copernicia Prunifera Leaf Fiber: A Promising New Reinforcement for Epoxy Composites. Polymers 2020, 12, 2090 .

AMA Style

Raí Felipe Pereira Junio, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Lucas De Mendonça Neuba, Andressa Teixeira Souza, João Victor Barbosa Moura, Fábio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Copernicia Prunifera Leaf Fiber: A Promising New Reinforcement for Epoxy Composites. Polymers. 2020; 12 (9):2090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raí Felipe Pereira Junio; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Lucas De Mendonça Neuba; Andressa Teixeira Souza; João Victor Barbosa Moura; Fábio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Copernicia Prunifera Leaf Fiber: A Promising New Reinforcement for Epoxy Composites." Polymers 12, no. 9: 2090.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Polymers
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Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites have recently drawn attention as new materials for ballistic armor due to sustainability benefits and lower cost as compared to conventional synthetic fibers, such as aramid and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In the present work, a comparison was carried out between the ballistic performance of UHMWPE composite, commercially known as Dyneema, and epoxy composite reinforced with 30 vol % natural fibers extracted from pineapple leaves (PALF) in a hard armor system. This hard armor system aims to provide additional protection to conventional level IIIA ballistic armor vests, made with Kevlar, by introducing the PALF composite plate, effectively changing the ballistic armor into level III. This level of protection allows the ballistic armor to be safely subjected to higher impact projectiles, such as 7.62 mm caliber rifle ammunition. The results indicate that a hard armor with a ceramic front followed by the PALF/epoxy composite meets the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) international standard for level III protection and performs comparably to that of the Dyneema plate, commonly used in armor vests.

ACS Style

Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Michelle Souza Oliveira; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison. Polymers 2020, 12, 1920 .

AMA Style

Fernanda Santos Da Luz, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Michelle Souza Oliveira, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison. Polymers. 2020; 12 (9):1920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Michelle Souza Oliveira; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison." Polymers 12, no. 9: 1920.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2020 in Polymers
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Composites reinforced with natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) are gaining relevance as the worldwide demand for renewable and sustainable materials increases. To develop novel natural composites with satisfactory properties, less common NLFs should also be investigated. Among these, the Cyperus malaccensis (CM), a type of sedge fiber, is already used in simple items like ropes, furniture, and paper, but has not yet been investigated as composite reinforcement for possible engineering applications. Therefore, the present work evaluated for the first time the properties of novel epoxy composites incorporated with 10, 20, and 30 vol.% of CM sedge fibers. Tensile, Izod-impact, and ballistic impact tests were performed, as well as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermal analysis of the composites. Results disclosed a decrease (−55%) in tensile strengths as compared to the neat epoxy. However, the elastic modulus of the 30 vol.% sedge fiber composite increased (+127%). The total strain and absorbed ballistic energy did not show significant variation. The Izod impact energy of the 30 vol.% composite was found to be 181% higher than the values obtained for the neat epoxy as a control sample. An increase in both stiffness and toughness characterized a reinforcement effect of the sedge fiber. The thermal analysis revealed a slight decrease (−15%) in the degradation temperature of the CM sedge fiber composites compared to the neat epoxy. The glass-transition temperatures were determined to be in the range of 67 to 81 °C.

ACS Style

Lucas De Mendonça Neuba; Raí Felipe Pereira Junio; Matheus Pereira Ribeiro; Andressa Teixeira Souza; Eduardo De Sousa Lima; Fábio Da Costa Garcia Filho; André Ben-Hur Da Silva Figueiredo; Fábio De Oliveira Braga; Afonso Rangel Garcez De Azevedo; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Promising Mechanical, Thermal, and Ballistic Properties of Novel Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Cyperus malaccensis Sedge Fiber. Polymers 2020, 12, 1776 .

AMA Style

Lucas De Mendonça Neuba, Raí Felipe Pereira Junio, Matheus Pereira Ribeiro, Andressa Teixeira Souza, Eduardo De Sousa Lima, Fábio Da Costa Garcia Filho, André Ben-Hur Da Silva Figueiredo, Fábio De Oliveira Braga, Afonso Rangel Garcez De Azevedo, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Promising Mechanical, Thermal, and Ballistic Properties of Novel Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Cyperus malaccensis Sedge Fiber. Polymers. 2020; 12 (8):1776.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucas De Mendonça Neuba; Raí Felipe Pereira Junio; Matheus Pereira Ribeiro; Andressa Teixeira Souza; Eduardo De Sousa Lima; Fábio Da Costa Garcia Filho; André Ben-Hur Da Silva Figueiredo; Fábio De Oliveira Braga; Afonso Rangel Garcez De Azevedo; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Promising Mechanical, Thermal, and Ballistic Properties of Novel Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Cyperus malaccensis Sedge Fiber." Polymers 12, no. 8: 1776.

Review
Published: 18 July 2020 in Polymers
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A novel class of graphene-based materials incorporated into natural lignocellulosic fiber (NLF) polymer composites is surging since 2011. The present overview is the first attempt to compile achievements regarding this novel class of composites both in terms of technical and scientific researches as well as development of innovative products. A brief description of the graphene nature and its recent isolation from graphite is initially presented together with the processing of its main derivatives. In particular, graphene-based materials, such as nanographene (NG), exfoliated graphene/graphite nanoplatelet (GNP), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as other carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT), are effectively being incorporated into NLF composites. Their disclosed superior mechanical, thermal, electrical, and ballistic properties are discussed in specific publications. Interfacial shear strength of 575 MPa and tensile strength of 379 MPa were attained in 1 wt % GO-jute fiber and 0.75 wt % jute fiber, respectively, epoxy composites. Moreover, a Young’s modulus of 44.4 GPa was reported for 0.75 wt % GO-jute fiber composite. An important point of interest concerning this incorporation is the fact that the amphiphilic character of graphene allows a better way to enhance the interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic NLF and hydrophobic polymer matrix. As indicated in this overview, two basic incorporation strategies have so far been adopted. In the first, NG, GNP, GO, rGO and CNT are used as hybrid filler together with NLF to reinforce polymer composites. The second one starts with GO or rGO as a coating to functionalize molecular bonding with NLF, which is then added into a polymeric matrix. Both strategies are contributing to develop innovative products for energy storage, drug release, biosensor, functional electronic clothes, medical implants, and armor for ballistic protection. As such, this first overview intends to provide a critical assessment of a surging class of composite materials and unveil successful development associated with graphene incorporated NLF polymer composites.

ACS Style

Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Maria Teresa Gómez Del-Río; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Graphene-Incorporated Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A First Overview. Polymers 2020, 12, 1601 .

AMA Style

Fernanda Santos Da Luz, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Maria Teresa Gómez Del-Río, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Graphene-Incorporated Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A First Overview. Polymers. 2020; 12 (7):1601.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Maria Teresa Gómez Del-Río; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Graphene-Incorporated Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A First Overview." Polymers 12, no. 7: 1601.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2020 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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In this work, high levels of wood residue were incorporated into high density polyethylene (HDPE). The composite processing was carried out in a twin screw extruder. Due to the large amount of solid charge, adaptation of the equipment was necessary. Wood polymer composites (WPCs) with 60, 65 and 70% wood residue were obtained. In order to use composites in applications such as profiles for application on floors, an analysis of the fatigue strength of the composites was performed, as well as the water absorption capacity. The effect of ultra violet (UV) radiation on the surface of the composites was also evaluated using simulation in a degradation chamber. There was a significant increase in the stiffness of the composites and a reduction in flexural strength. Due to the large amount of load, formation of agglomerates was observed, which reduced the impact resistance. In spite of the use of compatibilizers, it was observed a weak adhesion between the phases, which impaired in the number of cycles under fatigue. When subjected to UV-degradation, the materials exhibited a small reduction in tensile strength. In general, the results indicate that the developed WPCs, considering applications in floors, presented some suitable properties such as rigidity and flexural strength, however, the processing conditions must be adequate for greater interaction between the phases.

ACS Style

Josiane Dantas Viana Barbos; Joyce Batista Azevedo; Pollyana Da Silva M. Cardoso; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Teresa Gómez del Río. Development and characterization of WPCs produced with high amount of wood residue. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9, 9684 -9690.

AMA Style

Josiane Dantas Viana Barbos, Joyce Batista Azevedo, Pollyana Da Silva M. Cardoso, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Teresa Gómez del Río. Development and characterization of WPCs produced with high amount of wood residue. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 9 (5):9684-9690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josiane Dantas Viana Barbos; Joyce Batista Azevedo; Pollyana Da Silva M. Cardoso; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Teresa Gómez del Río. 2020. "Development and characterization of WPCs produced with high amount of wood residue." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 5: 9684-9690.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Polymers
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Natural lignocellulosic fibers and corresponding fabrics have been gaining notoriety in recent decades as reinforcement options for polymer matrices associated with industrially applied composites. These natural fibers and fabrics exhibit competitive properties when compared with some synthetics such as glass fiber. In particular, the use of fabrics made from natural fibers might be considered a more efficient alternative, since they provide multidirectional reinforcement and allow the introduction of a larger volume fraction of fibers in the composite. In this context, it is important to understand the mechanical performance of natural fabric composites as a basic condition to ensure efficient engineering applications. Therefore, it is also important to recognize that ramie fiber exhibiting superior strength can be woven into fabric, but is the least investigated as reinforcement in strong, tough polymers to obtain tougher polymeric composites. Accordingly, this paper presents the preparation of epoxy composite containing 30 vol.% Boehmeria nivea fabric by vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding technique and mechanical behavior characterization of the prepared composite. Obtained results are explained based on the fractography studies of tested samples.

ACS Style

Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana; Jaroslaw Wieslaw Drelich; Sergio Neves Monteiro. Mechanical Properties of Boehmeria nivea Natural Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Prepared by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding. Polymers 2020, 12, 1311 .

AMA Style

Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Fernanda Santos Da Luz, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana, Jaroslaw Wieslaw Drelich, Sergio Neves Monteiro. Mechanical Properties of Boehmeria nivea Natural Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Prepared by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding. Polymers. 2020; 12 (6):1311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Fernanda Santos Da Luz; Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento; Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana; Jaroslaw Wieslaw Drelich; Sergio Neves Monteiro. 2020. "Mechanical Properties of Boehmeria nivea Natural Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Prepared by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding." Polymers 12, no. 6: 1311.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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ACS Style

Talita Gama Sousa; Isaque Alan De Brito Moura; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Sergio Neves Monteiro; Luiz Paulo Brandão. Combining severe plastic deformation and precipitation to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of Cu–0.65Cr–0.08Zr alloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9, 5953 -5961.

AMA Style

Talita Gama Sousa, Isaque Alan De Brito Moura, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Luiz Paulo Brandão. Combining severe plastic deformation and precipitation to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of Cu–0.65Cr–0.08Zr alloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 9 (3):5953-5961.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Talita Gama Sousa; Isaque Alan De Brito Moura; Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho; Sergio Neves Monteiro; Luiz Paulo Brandão. 2020. "Combining severe plastic deformation and precipitation to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of Cu–0.65Cr–0.08Zr alloy." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 3: 5953-5961.