Plant microbiome referred to as plant second genome, plays pivotal role in determination of vigor and productivity of plant. Current high-throughput sequence technologies provide remarkable insight into microbial diversity and host microbe interaction. The obtained dataset aimed to reveal the core bacterial community residing the rhizosphere of two leading cereal crops Zea mays and Triticum aestivum grown in different seasons at the same geographical area. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were explored via amplicon sequencing of V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA region using IonS5™XL sequencing platform. The classified tags for 16S rRNA from both the samples were clustered into 1502 Microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity with 1340 OTUs in Zea mays and 1337 OTUs in Triticum aestivum. Ten bacterial phyla predominant in the rhizosphere were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae and Thermomicrobia. These bacterial phyla accounted for 98% and 98.9% of the OTUs in Zea mays and Triticum aestivum, respectively. Statistical analysis depicted the presence of slight variations in the relative abundance of bacterial groups residing the rhizosphere of Zea mays and Triticum aestivum. The community data produced in the present work can be used for meta-analysis studies to understand rhizosphere bacterial community of two major cereal crops. Furthermore, bacterial composition and diversity data is prerequisite for rhizosphere engineering to enhance cereal production to cope with upcoming global challenges of climate change and population growth.

Plants are colonized by a vast array of microorganisms that outstrip plant cell densities and genes, thus referred to as plant's second genome or extended genome. The microbial communities exert a significant influence on the vigor, growth, development and productivity of plants by supporting nutrient acquisition, organic matter decomposition and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses such as heat, high salt, drought and disease, by regulating plant defense responses. The rhizosphere is a complex micro-ecological zone in the direct vicinity of plant roots and is considered a hotspot of microbial diversity. The exploration and understanding of the rhizosphere microbes can be valuable in sustainable agriculture. The present dataset aimed to reveal the core fungal community residing in the rhizosphere of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and maize ( Zea mays L.). The rhizosphere fungal communities were explored via amplicon sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region using the IonS5^TMXL sequencing platform. The data obtained were filtered and the high-quality reads were clustered into Microbial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97 % similarity. Further, the data were subjected to alpha and beta diversity analysis. The OTUs obtained from the wheat rhizosphere soils of Kallar Syedian (TA.KS), Islamabad (TA.ISB) and Mirpur Azad Kashmir (TA.MAK) were 603, 513 and 424, respectively, whereas 616 OTUs were found in the maize rhizosphere soil of Kallar Syedian (ZM.KS). The major fungal phyla inhabiting the rhizosphere soils were Ascomycota, accounting for 94 %, 97 %, 95 % and 90 % of the fungal community in ZM.KS, TA.KS, TA.MAK and TA.ISB, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity analysis depicted the presence of considerable variations in the relative abundance of fungal groups residing in the rhizosphere soils. The dataset obtained can be employed in meta-analysis studies that will pave the way toward understanding the core fungal community structure and will directly aid in enhancing crop productivity through rhizosphere engineering.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a common cause of chronic respiratory disease in commercial poultry, affecting both egg and meat production. The infection is often complicated by secondary bacterial and viral pathogens, adding complexity to the diagnosis. Administration of antibiotics to mitigate clinical disease outcomes and reduce production losses poses threats of increased antimicrobial resistance. PCR-based diagnostic techniques are of paramount significance for early and sensitive detection of M. gallisepticum, in-time management for disease therapeutics. So far, a number of molecular techniques have been devised for quick, efficient and cost-effective detection, including insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR). The current study was performed to validate iiPCR in comparison with real-time PCR (qPCR) and conventional PCR (con-PCR). Analytical sensitivity was evaluated by preparing 10-fold diluted concentrations of M. gallisepticum F (live vaccine), and three field isolates in M. gallisepticum broth (100-107 CFU/ml). Diagnostic performance of iiPCR was assessed using 95 field samples. The analytical and diagnostic performance of the assays was evaluated and compared with the gold standard that is qPCR. In the present study, the detection limit of iiPCR was found to be comparable with that of qPCR. Statistical analysis and comparison of reliability of different PCR-based techniques for detection of M. gallisepticum provided almost perfect agreement between all techniques. It was found that iiPCR can be a good, efficient and relatively cost-effective alternative to qPCR. It can be employed for initial detection of infectious organisms, leading to effective management strategies.

Microbiome being a potential biomarker holds the future hope for insight into GD pathogenesis, diagnosis and cure. Many factors such as diet, lifestyle, en

Background: SNP based association studies have revolutionized the field of biomed-icines. Enteric fever is a systemic disease with etiologic agents Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi. It is a serious health issue worldwide and presents wide variations in incidence, rates, and severity. Previous investigations have revealed that genetic variations may lead to sus-ceptibility to typhoid fever. A current study was performed to investigate the potential association of PARK2_e01(−697) polymorphism with the susceptibility to typhoid in the Punjabi population. Methods: For this case-control study, blood samples obtained from typhoid patients with positive Typhidot or blood culture test (n=72) and healthy controls (n=73) were processed for DNA ex-traction. The polymorphism PARK2_e01(-697) analysis was carried out by using PCR and RFLP. Results: No allelic association was found between PARK2_e01(-697) and susceptibility to ty-phoid fever in the understudy population. Conclusion: This case control study is the demonstration of the non-association of PARK2_e01(-697) with typhoid in the Pakistani population. Future research, using a larger population size, will help to elucidate the role of PARK2_e01(-697) polymorphism in typhoid pathogenesis.

Background: The microcephalin 1 / BRITI1 ( MCPH1 ) gene has been implicated in microcephaly (MCPH), primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) syndrome, enlarged cranial volume, and pancreatic and breast cancers. It functions as a tumor suppressor and shows reduced expression in various cancer types. Therefore, the identification of MCPH1 polymorphisms is of paramount importance. Aims and Objectives: Considering the multifaceted role of MCPH1 , this study is aimed at examining the structural and functional impact of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) on MCPH1 using in silico tools to understand its potential role in pathogenesis. Methodology: In the present investigation, a wide array of in silico tools was deployed to explicate putative pathogenic missense/nsSNPs that might impact the structural integrity and molecular functions of MCPH1 . The mining of damaging nsSNPs was carried out based on the evolutionary conservation of sequence information, prediction of protein stability, interaction analysis, and their potential impact was assessed using structure prediction and 3D modeling, and interaction with other genes/pathways. Results: In the initial screening, SIFT, PolyPhen‐2, SNAP2, Align GVGD, PhD‐SNP, PANTHER, and SNPs&GO revealed 23 potential deleterious SNPs in MCPH1 . Population frequency analysis using gnomAD revealed that the prioritized variants were extremely rare in the global population. I‐mutant and ConSurf further revealed that 16 nsSNPs exhibited a decrease in protein stability due to changes in size and charge. I‐TASSER was used to predict wild‐type and mutant protein 3D structures. The potential effect of variation on 3D protein structure was assessed using the Chimera tool, which presented the probable structural loss in eight variants, including p.A11D, p.H49D, p.T59I, p.W60S, p.W60C, p.L74P, p.C79G, and p.L781P. Most of these potential variants resided in the N ‐terminal BRCT domain, which is implicated in neurodevelopment, and thus may lead to the pathogenesis of primary microcephaly. Furthermore, single‐cell transcriptomic mapping of MCPH1 against dataset of 33,206 cells from malformations of cortical development detected MCPH1 expression across multiple cellular populations. This broad distribution suggested potential MCPH1 function across several neural and glial cell populations. Conclusion: The potentially deleterious nsSNPs predicted in this study can be of great significance in understanding MCPH1- related diseases and may serve as potential targets for future functional validation and therapeutic interventions.