Background: Transplantation offers the best survival for patients with end stage organ disease. Transplant of hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleic acid test (NAT) positive organs into negative recipients is a novel strategy that can expand the donor pool. We aim to evaluate our centre’s experience. Methods: We preformed a retrospective review of anti-HCV NAT positive and negative organs into negative recipients transplanted over 27 months. Primary outcome was the success rate of eradication of HCV post-transplant. Secondary outcomes were rate of transmission of HCV, treatment adverse events, and graft failure. Results: 33 anti-HCV positive organs were transplanted into negative recipients. 22 (66.7%) were NAT positive. Median recipients age was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR] 44.5–62.0) with the majority being males (57.6%). NAT positive organ transplantations included 16 kidneys, 3 livers, 1 kidney-pancreas, 1 liver-kidney, and 1 heart. The most common HCV genotype was 1a (59.1%). The median time to initiating therapy was 41.5 days. SVR12 was 100% in patients who finished therapy. There were no adverse events with therapy and no graft failure. Conclusions: Anti-HCV NAT positive organ transplantation into negative recipients is safe with excellent eradication rates and no significant adverse events or graft failure. This would expand donor pool to close the gap between supply and demand.

One of the most commonly used classes of medications that are known for their excessively expanded misuse is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Although they are profoundly useful, they also account for several adverse effects. Assessing the awareness of the general population may throw light on the problem and limit irrational use. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the general population of Saudi Arabia regarding PPI use. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using a structured online survey. The questionnaire comprised 1088 participants of the adult general population of Saudi Arabia to assess knowledge and awareness of proton pump inhibitors. Of the 1088 participants, 59% were men and 41% were women, 44.6% were aged 20-30 years, 25.4% were 31-40 years, and 16% were 41-50 years. Only 54% of the participants had previous knowledge of PPIs. Regarding PPI use, 25.7% of participants previously used PPIs with medical consultation and 10.3% without medical consultation, while 64% had never used PPIs. Reasons for PPI use included: heartburn (56.4%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (51.1%), gastritis (21.8%), as part of Helicobacter pylori infection therapy (20%), peptic ulcer (15.7%), esophagitis (7.1%), sore throat (6.1%), gastroenteritis (5.4%), hiatal hernia (5%), hoarseness (3.2%), asthma (2.1%), and bariatric surgery (2.1%). Of all the participants, 61.2% completed the treatment course while 38.8% did not. Generally, our population had moderate knowledge of PPI. However, it is not enough to eliminate this irrational use of PPIs.This study emphasizes the importance of effective provider-led patient education to raise awareness of potential risks and reduce inappropriate long-term use of PPIs. This is significant due to growing concern about the possibility of medication overuse and non-compliance due to a lack of awareness about PPIs. In addition, more research assessing the awareness of over-the-counter (OTC) medications should be taken into consideration.

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic weight management. With its growing global use, continuous pharmacovigilance is essential to detect emerging patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). To describe the global ADRs profile of semaglutide using data from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) VigiAccess pharmacovigilance database. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted using publicly available ADR data retrieved from the WHO-VigiAccess portal on October 18, 2025. The total number and proportion of ADRs were summarized according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) system organ class (SOC). Demographic information, including age group, sex, geographic region, and reporting year, was reviewed descriptively. A total of 81,770 ADR reports associated with semaglutide were identified. The most frequently reported SOCs were gastrointestinal disorders (28%, n = 42,574), general disorders and administration site conditions (12%, n = 19,200), and injury, poisoning and procedural complications (11%, n = 16,601). Additional categories included nervous system disorders (8%), investigations (7%), and metabolism and nutrition disorders (7%). The majority of ADRs were reported among adults aged 45 to 64 years, with most originating from Europe and the Americas. Annual reporting increased markedly between 2018 and 2025, corresponding with expanded clinical use and obesity-related approvals. Global pharmacovigilance data indicate that semaglutide ADRs are primarily gastrointestinal and systemic in nature, consistent with its known pharmacological effects. Continuous monitoring is warranted to identify emerging safety signals and support optimized patient management as use expands worldwide.

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic widely used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and sedation. Despite its well-established efficacy and routine clinical use, multiple reports have described adverse reactions ranging from mild events to life-threatening complications. Pharmacovigilance databases provide valuable insight into such real-world experiences. This study provides an updated global overview of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with propofol using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) VigiAccess platform. A retrospective descriptive study was performed using publicly available data from the WHO-VigiAccess database, retrieved on October 26,2025, covering all spontaneous reports available from the inception of WHO pharmacovigilance reporting through the search date. ADRs were summarized according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) System Organ Class and analyzed by geographical region, sex, and age group. No individual case review, disproportionality analysis, or causality assessment was performed. VigiAccess listed 45 354 ADR reports for propofol. Of the 45,354 ADR reports, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (12%), vascular disorders (12%), general disorders and administration site conditions (11%), nervous system disorders (9%), respiratory disorders (9%), immune disorders (8%), and cardiac disorders (8%) were most frequently reported. Europe and the Americas accounted for the largest proportion of reports. Male patients represented a slightly higher proportion than females, and adults aged 45 to 64 years constituted the most frequently reported age group. Temporal analysis revealed a continuous increase in reporting over the past 2 decades. This descriptive pharmacovigilance overview highlights the broad spectrum of spontaneously reported ADRs associated with propofol and emphasizes the importance of continued pharmacovigilance and post-marketing safety monitoring.