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Vegetation states in savannas are highly sensitive to tree growth rates, which determine whether individual trees can “escape” periodic disturbances. Resprouting trees have lopsided shoot:root ratios and are often multi‐stemmed, and these variables can modify post‐disturbance growth rates and therefore the probability of escape. To date, few studies have systematically examined the implications of interspecific variation in these factors for escape. We conducted a two‐year field experiment across 16 tree species in a South African lowveld savanna to quantify growth metrics following topkill. We examined the dependence of growth on pre‐disturbance stem size and the relationship between growth rate and the tendency of trees to produce a few large vs. many small resprouts following disturbance. We found that resprout growth was strongly influenced by pre‐disturbance size, but the strength of this relationship did not vary across species. In contrast, our results showed that fast‐growing species tended to allocate resources toward a few dominant stems, while slow‐growing species allocated new biomass towards many smaller stems. Tree species that produced a few large stems also tended to produce individual stems that were tall and thin, further suggesting that the “few large vs. many small” axis is linked to intrinsic species attributes. These findings have implications for understanding how interspecific variation in savanna tree communities may influence their ability to escape disturbance traps.
Julienne E. NeSmith; Wayne Twine; Ricardo M. Holdo. Interspecific variation in post‐disturbance growth responses of a savanna tree community and its implications for escaping the fire trap. Biotropica 2021, 53, 896 -905.
AMA StyleJulienne E. NeSmith, Wayne Twine, Ricardo M. Holdo. Interspecific variation in post‐disturbance growth responses of a savanna tree community and its implications for escaping the fire trap. Biotropica. 2021; 53 (3):896-905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulienne E. NeSmith; Wayne Twine; Ricardo M. Holdo. 2021. "Interspecific variation in post‐disturbance growth responses of a savanna tree community and its implications for escaping the fire trap." Biotropica 53, no. 3: 896-905.
Land-based income streams, which include the consumption and selling of crops, livestock and environmental products, are inherent in rural households’ livelihoods. However, the off-farm cash income stream – primarily composed of migrant labour remittances, social grants, and savings and loans – is increasing in importance in many regions. This case study of 590 households from Bushbuckridge, South Africa, analyses the economic value of each of these income streams at three points: what enters the household, what is used and what is sold. Two important findings emerge. First, dependence on offfarm cash incomes is far higher than previously suggested by case studies in the area and the benefits of employment accrue to those already better educated and wealthier. This suggests that shifts in offfarm opportunities will exacerbate already deep inequalities. Second, while environmental products and crops are important for direct use, they generate insignificant cash incomes from sales. This suggests a weakening of the direct links between the local ecosystem and this society, challenging traditional notions of African rurality being intrinsically land based.
Fatima H. Ragie; David W. Olivier; Lori M. Hunter; Barend F.N. Erasmus; Coleen Vogel; Mark Collinson; Wayne Twine. A portfolio perspective of rural livelihoods in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 2020, 116, 1 .
AMA StyleFatima H. Ragie, David W. Olivier, Lori M. Hunter, Barend F.N. Erasmus, Coleen Vogel, Mark Collinson, Wayne Twine. A portfolio perspective of rural livelihoods in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. South African Journal of Science. 2020; 116 (9/10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatima H. Ragie; David W. Olivier; Lori M. Hunter; Barend F.N. Erasmus; Coleen Vogel; Mark Collinson; Wayne Twine. 2020. "A portfolio perspective of rural livelihoods in Bushbuckridge, South Africa." South African Journal of Science 116, no. 9/10: 1.
Simon Scheiter; Judith Schulte; Mirjam Pfeiffer; Carola Martens; Barend F.N. Erasmus; Wayne C. Twine. How Does Climate Change Influence the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services in Savanna Rangelands? Ecological Economics 2019, 157, 342 -356.
AMA StyleSimon Scheiter, Judith Schulte, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Carola Martens, Barend F.N. Erasmus, Wayne C. Twine. How Does Climate Change Influence the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services in Savanna Rangelands? Ecological Economics. 2019; 157 ():342-356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Scheiter; Judith Schulte; Mirjam Pfeiffer; Carola Martens; Barend F.N. Erasmus; Wayne C. Twine. 2019. "How Does Climate Change Influence the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services in Savanna Rangelands?" Ecological Economics 157, no. : 342-356.
Smallholder production is a significant contributor to rural livelihoods and rural economies in much of the developing world. Yet, there is evidence of increasing disengagement in some regions, including southern Africa. However, there has been little consideration of the rates and the livelihood, ecological and policy implications of such. In this paper we examine previous studies on rates of deactivation of crop fields by smallholders in the communal areas of South Africa, supported by repeat photo images and case study material. Together these various methods show that it is a widespread phenomenon occurring at variable rates. Over short periods deactivation of crop fields can be balanced through some reactivation or intensification of homegardens. But over longer periods there is a net decline in the area of fields cultivated in many areas, with corresponding increases in the area of fallow land which, through time, may undergo changes towards more natural vegetation. We review the drivers of this deactivation of field cropping, and then contemplate the possible socio-economic and ecological implications at local and national scales. We show that there are numerous and profound implications that require greater understanding and policy responses.
C.M. Shackleton; P.J. Mograbi; S. Drimie; D. Fay; P. Hebinck; M.T. Hoffman; K. Maciejewski; W. Twine. Deactivation of field cultivation in communal areas of South Africa: Patterns, drivers and socio-economic and ecological consequences. Land Use Policy 2019, 82, 686 -699.
AMA StyleC.M. Shackleton, P.J. Mograbi, S. Drimie, D. Fay, P. Hebinck, M.T. Hoffman, K. Maciejewski, W. Twine. Deactivation of field cultivation in communal areas of South Africa: Patterns, drivers and socio-economic and ecological consequences. Land Use Policy. 2019; 82 ():686-699.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.M. Shackleton; P.J. Mograbi; S. Drimie; D. Fay; P. Hebinck; M.T. Hoffman; K. Maciejewski; W. Twine. 2019. "Deactivation of field cultivation in communal areas of South Africa: Patterns, drivers and socio-economic and ecological consequences." Land Use Policy 82, no. : 686-699.
Rural livelihoods in developing countries are disproportionately vulnerable to multiple shocks and stresses that exacerbate vulnerability, which can result in increased dependence on natural resources. Several studies have been conducted on the safety net role of natural resources, which lower the impact of negative shocks on rural livelihoods. However, the role of social capital as a safety net that can potentially lower natural resource use when households experience negative shocks has been less studied. We examined the role of natural resources and social capital as buffers against negative shocks to reduce vulnerability in rural livelihoods. Using five years of panel data from a rural population in South Africa, multilevel models were constructed to quantify the influence of shocks, social capital and household socio-demographic characterization on three dimensions of natural resource use, namely the number of types of natural resources used, the frequency of natural resource use, and the quantities of natural resources used. Results show that household experience of negative shocks was consistently associated with a significant increase in all dimensions of natural resource use. However, and unexpectedly, social capital did not significantly reduce natural resource use when households experienced shocks. This in no way discounts the role social capital plays in cushioning households post experience of shocks, but rather indicates that reliance on social and natural capital could be complementary rather than substitutable coping strategies post experience of shocks. Efforts to secure rural livelihoods and achieve sustainability should thus focus on building household physical capital to reduce dependency on natural resources in rural households.
Monicah Mbiba; Mark Collinson; Lori Hunter; Wayne Twine. Social capital is subordinate to natural capital in buffering rural livelihoods from negative shocks: Insights from rural South Africa. Journal of Rural Studies 2018, 65, 12 -21.
AMA StyleMonicah Mbiba, Mark Collinson, Lori Hunter, Wayne Twine. Social capital is subordinate to natural capital in buffering rural livelihoods from negative shocks: Insights from rural South Africa. Journal of Rural Studies. 2018; 65 ():12-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonicah Mbiba; Mark Collinson; Lori Hunter; Wayne Twine. 2018. "Social capital is subordinate to natural capital in buffering rural livelihoods from negative shocks: Insights from rural South Africa." Journal of Rural Studies 65, no. : 12-21.
Wayne Twine; Hector Magome. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ELEPHANTS AND PEOPLE. Elephant management 2018, 206 -240.
AMA StyleWayne Twine, Hector Magome. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ELEPHANTS AND PEOPLE. Elephant management. 2018; ():206-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWayne Twine; Hector Magome. 2018. "INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ELEPHANTS AND PEOPLE." Elephant management , no. : 206-240.
Melissa R. McHale; Scott M. Beck; Steward T. A. Pickett; Daniel L. Childers; Mary L. Cadenasso; Louie Rivers; Louise Swemmer; Liesel Ebersohn; Wayne Twine; David N Bunn. Democratization of ecosystem services—a radical approach for assessing nature’s benefits in the face of urbanization. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018, 4, 115 -131.
AMA StyleMelissa R. McHale, Scott M. Beck, Steward T. A. Pickett, Daniel L. Childers, Mary L. Cadenasso, Louie Rivers, Louise Swemmer, Liesel Ebersohn, Wayne Twine, David N Bunn. Democratization of ecosystem services—a radical approach for assessing nature’s benefits in the face of urbanization. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. 2018; 4 (5):115-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelissa R. McHale; Scott M. Beck; Steward T. A. Pickett; Daniel L. Childers; Mary L. Cadenasso; Louie Rivers; Louise Swemmer; Liesel Ebersohn; Wayne Twine; David N Bunn. 2018. "Democratization of ecosystem services—a radical approach for assessing nature’s benefits in the face of urbanization." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 4, no. 5: 115-131.
Much of the international commons literature reveals a decreased functioning of local traditional institutions that regulate natural resource harvesting. In South Africa, it is believed that the creation of new democratic structures at the end of Apartheid has contributed significantly to the deterioration in traditional resource regulation and this in turn has led to the extensive resource degradation seen in parts of the country. Many of these assertions, though, remain anecdotal in nature. Given the high reliance by rural households on natural resources, and the serious negative implications that over-use has on livelihood security, understanding how well or poorly such commons are regulated is key to ensuring the sustainability of such resource-dependent populations. The aim of this study was therefore to examine systems of resource governance, focusing specifically on firewood, and to determine the roles of traditional and democratically elected community leaders in six rural villages spanning two chieftaincies in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. In each study village, five local leaders were interviewed and five community focus groups were conducted. Results indicate that most parties still regard the Chief as the ultimate authority for regulating firewood harvesting. However, overall firewood management appears weak, at best, across the region. Although some authors attribute this to community confusion over the roles of local leaders in a new democracy, we provide evidence that other socio-political factors, including political expediency, may be driving the increasingly relaxed implementation of these firewood management systems. With resource dependence remaining a vital contributor to livelihood security across the developing world and with many rural communities facing increasing strain under local resource depletion, these findings shed new light on the complex social dynamics underlying the widely reported weakening of traditional institutions in South Africa. In so doing, it offers insights into local firewood governance that can be used to combat these challenges and thereby reduce regional social and ecological vulnerability being experienced in communal landscapes across the region.
Sarah J. Findlay; Wayne C. Twine. Chiefs in a Democracy: A Case Study of the ‘New’ Systems of Regulating Firewood Harvesting in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Land 2018, 7, 35 .
AMA StyleSarah J. Findlay, Wayne C. Twine. Chiefs in a Democracy: A Case Study of the ‘New’ Systems of Regulating Firewood Harvesting in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Land. 2018; 7 (1):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah J. Findlay; Wayne C. Twine. 2018. "Chiefs in a Democracy: A Case Study of the ‘New’ Systems of Regulating Firewood Harvesting in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Land 7, no. 1: 35.
Louise Swemmer; Helen Mmethi; Wayne Twine. Tracing the cost/benefit pathway of protected areas: A case study of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ecosystem Services 2017, 28, 162 -172.
AMA StyleLouise Swemmer, Helen Mmethi, Wayne Twine. Tracing the cost/benefit pathway of protected areas: A case study of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ecosystem Services. 2017; 28 ():162-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Swemmer; Helen Mmethi; Wayne Twine. 2017. "Tracing the cost/benefit pathway of protected areas: A case study of the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Ecosystem Services 28, no. : 162-172.
Scholarly understanding of human migration’s environmental dimensions has greatly advanced in the past several years, motivated in large part by public and policy dialogue around “climate migrants”. The research presented here advances current demographic scholarship both through its substantive interpretations and conclusions, as well as its methodological approach. We examine temporary rural South African outmigration as related to household-level availability of proximate natural resources. Such “natural capital” is central to livelihoods in the region, both for sustenance and as materials for market-bound products. The results demonstrate that the association between local environmental resource availability and outmigration is, in general, positive: households with higher levels of proximate natural capital are more likely to engage in temporary migration. In this way, the general findings support the “environmental surplus” hypothesis that resource security provides a foundation from which households can invest in migration as a livelihood strategy. Such insight stands in contrast to popular dialogue, which tends to view migration as a last resort undertaken only by the most vulnerable households. As another important insight, our findings demonstrate important spatial variation, complicating attempts to generalize migration-environment findings across spatial scales. In our rural South African study site, the positive association between migration and proximate resources is actually highly localized, varying from strongly positive in some villages to strongly negative in others. We explore the socio-demographic factors underlying this “operational scale sensitivity”. The cross-scale methodologies applied here offer nuance unavailable within more commonly used global regression models, although also introducing complexity that complicates story-telling and inhibits generalizability.
Lori Hunter; Stefan Leyk; Galen J. Maclaurin; Raphael Nawrotzki; Wayne Twine; Barend Erasmus; Mark Collinson. Variation by Geographic Scale in the Migration-Environment Association: Evidence from Rural South Africa. Comparative Population Studies 2017, 42, 1 .
AMA StyleLori Hunter, Stefan Leyk, Galen J. Maclaurin, Raphael Nawrotzki, Wayne Twine, Barend Erasmus, Mark Collinson. Variation by Geographic Scale in the Migration-Environment Association: Evidence from Rural South Africa. Comparative Population Studies. 2017; 42 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLori Hunter; Stefan Leyk; Galen J. Maclaurin; Raphael Nawrotzki; Wayne Twine; Barend Erasmus; Mark Collinson. 2017. "Variation by Geographic Scale in the Migration-Environment Association: Evidence from Rural South Africa." Comparative Population Studies 42, no. : 1.
Much concern has been expressed about the sustainability of fuelwood harvesting in Africa. Most models predict that demand will outstrip supply within a few decades, resulting in severe deforestation. However, despite substantial impacts of harvesting on woody vegetation structure, the “fuelwood crisis” predicted since the 1970s has not materialized. We propose that this is at least partially because regeneration through coppicing has been poorly accounted for in most models.We developed a local fuelwood model that is demographically and spatially explicit, and that incorporates coppice dynamics. The model simulates the dynamics of multiple stem size classes (seedling, sapling, pole, and adult), the harvesting decisions of villagers based on fuelwood availability and village demand across the landscape. Importantly, we specify size-dependent coppice production of cut stems, and the probability of progression of coppice shoots into larger size classes, after accounting for self-thinning of shoots.In general, our model projections for a rural South African savanna system suggest that current levels of harvesting (barring changes in human population size) are relatively sustainable. Declines in total woody biomass were predicted to be modest (~ 20%), and the loss of intact stems of sapling size was predicted to be more than offset by increases in coppiced stems.Synthesis and applications. The results from our local fuelwood model clearly demonstrate that the impact of deforestation and wood removal on tree populations and wood resources is strongly influenced by the resprouting ability of trees. This highlights the importance of considering coppice dynamics when assessing the sustainability of wood harvesting. Our model is not system-specific, and can be transferred to other systems, with the relevant parameters and GIS layers specified. Because of the transferability of this model, it can help address key international concerns about deforestation and sustainable fuelwood management.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Wayne C. Twine; Ricardo M. Holdo. Fuelwood sustainability revisited: integrating size structure and resprouting into a spatially realistic fuelshed model. Journal of Applied Ecology 2016, 53, 1766 -1776.
AMA StyleWayne C. Twine, Ricardo M. Holdo. Fuelwood sustainability revisited: integrating size structure and resprouting into a spatially realistic fuelshed model. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2016; 53 (6):1766-1776.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWayne C. Twine; Ricardo M. Holdo. 2016. "Fuelwood sustainability revisited: integrating size structure and resprouting into a spatially realistic fuelshed model." Journal of Applied Ecology 53, no. 6: 1766-1776.
The ability of a woody plant to coppice and remain vigorous largely depends on the severity of disturbances, resource availability and the mobilisation of stored reserves. There is limited information about the role played by resource limitation on the recovery of cut trees. This study investigated the effects of water and nutrient supplementation on coppice growth responses of resprouting cut trees in a semi-arid savannah in South Africa. Cut trees were exposed to different levels of water and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplementation over a period of 2 years in a factorial experimental design. We hypothesised that adding water and nutrients would result in an increased coppice growth response and replenishment of stored structural reserves. Adding water and nutrients significantly increased shoot diameter, shoot length and resprouting ratio for the initial 12 months after cutting but not stored structural reserves. Such a response pattern suggests that the initial growth of resprouting shoots may be strongly resource-limited, while resources are concentrated on supporting fewer resprouting shoots compared to a higher number.Conservation implications: If practicing rotational tree harvesting, trees resprouting in resource-poor locations need a longer resting period to recover stored reserves and to also recover lost height after cutting.
Hloniphani Peter Moyo; Mary C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. Effects of water and nutrient addition on the coppice growth response of cut Terminalia sericea. Koedoe 2016, 58, 10 pages .
AMA StyleHloniphani Peter Moyo, Mary C. Scholes, Wayne Twine. Effects of water and nutrient addition on the coppice growth response of cut Terminalia sericea. Koedoe. 2016; 58 (1):10 pages.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHloniphani Peter Moyo; Mary C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. 2016. "Effects of water and nutrient addition on the coppice growth response of cut Terminalia sericea." Koedoe 58, no. 1: 10 pages.
Questions related to how we practice sustainability science remain salient in the face of the failure to achieve broad-scale sustainability objectives. Transdisciplinarity is an essential part of sustainability science. Transdisciplinary conceptual scholarship has been more prevalent than empirical scholarship or applications, especially in developing world contexts. In a single case study of a multiyear project addressing water security issues in HaMakuya, South Africa, we used a framework for assessing transdisciplinary objectives to facilitate more systematic learning for those who practice sustainability science. We found that defining the problem and assembling our team were easier than the co-creation of solution-oriented knowledge and the reintegration and application of this new knowledge. Our singular case study speaks to the potential challenges related to building relationships and co-creating knowledge in an epistemologically diverse setting. Other case studies appear to have negotiated these issues in developing country contexts, and this leaves room further investigation for how to practice transdisciplinarity under these conditions.
Toddi A Steelman; Elizabeth Nichols; April James; Lori Bradford; Liesel Ebersöhn; Vanessa Scherman; Funke Omidire; David N. Bunn; Wayne Twine; Melissa R. McHale. Practicing the science of sustainability: the challenges of transdisciplinarity in a developing world context. Sustainability Science 2015, 10, 581 -599.
AMA StyleToddi A Steelman, Elizabeth Nichols, April James, Lori Bradford, Liesel Ebersöhn, Vanessa Scherman, Funke Omidire, David N. Bunn, Wayne Twine, Melissa R. McHale. Practicing the science of sustainability: the challenges of transdisciplinarity in a developing world context. Sustainability Science. 2015; 10 (4):581-599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleToddi A Steelman; Elizabeth Nichols; April James; Lori Bradford; Liesel Ebersöhn; Vanessa Scherman; Funke Omidire; David N. Bunn; Wayne Twine; Melissa R. McHale. 2015. "Practicing the science of sustainability: the challenges of transdisciplinarity in a developing world context." Sustainability Science 10, no. 4: 581-599.
This paper examines the impact of agriculture-related shocks on consumption patterns of rural farming households using 3 years of data from South Africa. We make two key observations. First, agriculture-related shocks reduce households’ consumption. Second, natural resources and informal social capital somewhat counteract this reduction and sustain dietary requirements. In general, our findings suggest the promotion of informal social capital and natural resources as they are cheaper and more accessible coping strategies, in comparison to, for example, insurance, which remains unaffordable in most rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa. However, a lingering concern centres on the sustainability of these less conventional adaptation strategies.
Byela Tibesigwa; Martine Visser; Mark Collinson; Wayne Twine. Investigating the sensitivity of household food security to agriculture-related shocks and the implication of social and natural capital. Sustainability Science 2015, 11, 193 -214.
AMA StyleByela Tibesigwa, Martine Visser, Mark Collinson, Wayne Twine. Investigating the sensitivity of household food security to agriculture-related shocks and the implication of social and natural capital. Sustainability Science. 2015; 11 (2):193-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByela Tibesigwa; Martine Visser; Mark Collinson; Wayne Twine. 2015. "Investigating the sensitivity of household food security to agriculture-related shocks and the implication of social and natural capital." Sustainability Science 11, no. 2: 193-214.
Ungulate herbivory, interacting with human activities such as tree cutting, can change vegetation structure by reducing tree growth or even increasing tree mortality. There is limited information about how browsing that occurs subsequent to coppicing affects regrowth of resprouting trees, with available data focusing on mature trees and seedlings. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the effect of browsing on the coppice response of resprouting Terminalia sericea trees in a semi-arid savanna in South Africa. The coppice response of browsed trees was compared with that of unbrowsed trees for 12 months after excluding all browsing from study trees. Shoot production was initially higher for browsed coppiced trees, but this effect diminished with time. Resprout shoot diameter and shoot length remained higher throughout the study for unbrowsed coppiced trees. Leaf stomatal conductance and leaf expansion were initially higher for browsed coppiced trees, with no significant differences observed as the wet season progressed. Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus levels were higher in browsed coppiced trees. These tree responses suggest that exposing resprouting trees to browsing initially induces a quick response in terms of shoot production, in order to recover lost biomass, but this growth declines as the growing season progresses.
H. Moyo; M. C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. Resprouting after coppicing is negatively influenced by browsing in Terminalia sericea. Ecological Research 2015, 30, 899 -907.
AMA StyleH. Moyo, M. C. Scholes, Wayne Twine. Resprouting after coppicing is negatively influenced by browsing in Terminalia sericea. Ecological Research. 2015; 30 (5):899-907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Moyo; M. C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. 2015. "Resprouting after coppicing is negatively influenced by browsing in Terminalia sericea." Ecological Research 30, no. 5: 899-907.
Hloniphani Peter Moyo; M.C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. Effects of water and nutrient additions on the timing and duration of phenological stages of resprouting Terminalia sericea. South African Journal of Botany 2015, 96, 85 -90.
AMA StyleHloniphani Peter Moyo, M.C. Scholes, Wayne Twine. Effects of water and nutrient additions on the timing and duration of phenological stages of resprouting Terminalia sericea. South African Journal of Botany. 2015; 96 ():85-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHloniphani Peter Moyo; M.C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. 2015. "Effects of water and nutrient additions on the timing and duration of phenological stages of resprouting Terminalia sericea." South African Journal of Botany 96, no. : 85-90.
Although exposure to multiple cutting cycles reduces stored reserves, shoot diameter and shoot length, it, however, increases shoot production per resprouting stump and foliar nitrogen.
Hloniphani Peter Moyo; M. C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. The effects of repeated cutting on coppice response of Terminalia sericea. Trees 2014, 29, 161 -169.
AMA StyleHloniphani Peter Moyo, M. C. Scholes, Wayne Twine. The effects of repeated cutting on coppice response of Terminalia sericea. Trees. 2014; 29 (1):161-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHloniphani Peter Moyo; M. C. Scholes; Wayne Twine. 2014. "The effects of repeated cutting on coppice response of Terminalia sericea." Trees 29, no. 1: 161-169.
A decline in subsistence agriculture across sub-Saharan Africa has meant an increased role for the private sector in food security strategies, but this role remains a relatively blind spot in food policy. We address this gap by analyzing retailers and consumers in a rural region of South Africa. Our results show that purchasing food is an important food security strategy for the rural poor, but is constrained by a lack of access to income. Furthermore, a reliance on specific non-perishable foodstuffs impacts the micronutrients that the poorest can access if they are unable to grow their own fresh produce. Adaptive food policy thus requires a holistic appreciation of the food system - emphasizing production as well as building livelihoods outside of agriculture.
Laura M. Pereira; C. Nicholas Cuneo; Wayne C. Twine. Food and cash: understanding the role of the retail sector in rural food security in South Africa. Food Security 2014, 6, 339 -357.
AMA StyleLaura M. Pereira, C. Nicholas Cuneo, Wayne C. Twine. Food and cash: understanding the role of the retail sector in rural food security in South Africa. Food Security. 2014; 6 (3):339-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura M. Pereira; C. Nicholas Cuneo; Wayne C. Twine. 2014. "Food and cash: understanding the role of the retail sector in rural food security in South Africa." Food Security 6, no. 3: 339-357.
Recurring food crises endanger the livelihoods of millions of households in developing countries around the globe. Owing to the importance of this issue, we explored recent changes in food security between the years 2004 and 2010 in a rural district in Northeastern South Africa. Our study window spans the time of the 2008 global food crisis and allows the investigation of its impacts on rural South African populations. Grounded in the sustainable livelihood framework, we examined differences in food security trajectories among vulnerable sub populations. A unique panel data set of 8,147 households, provided by the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Agincourt HDSS), allowed us to employ a longitudinal multilevel modeling approach to estimate adjusted growth curves for the differential changes in food security across time. We observed an overall improvement in food security that leveled off after 2008, most likely resulting from the global food crisis. In addition, we discovered significant differences in food security trajectories for various sub populations. For example, female-headed households and those living in areas with better access to natural resources differentially improved their food security situation, compared to male-headed households and those households with lower levels of natural resource access. However, former Mozambican refugees witnessed a decline in food security. Therefore, poverty alleviation programs for the Agincourt region should work to improve the food security of vulnerable households, such as former Mozambican refugees.
Raphael J. Nawrotzki; Kristin Robson; Margaret J. Gutilla; Lori M. Hunter; Wayne Twine; Petra Norlund. Exploring the impact of the 2008 global food crisis on food security among vulnerable households in rural South Africa. Food Security 2014, 6, 283 -297.
AMA StyleRaphael J. Nawrotzki, Kristin Robson, Margaret J. Gutilla, Lori M. Hunter, Wayne Twine, Petra Norlund. Exploring the impact of the 2008 global food crisis on food security among vulnerable households in rural South Africa. Food Security. 2014; 6 (2):283-297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaphael J. Nawrotzki; Kristin Robson; Margaret J. Gutilla; Lori M. Hunter; Wayne Twine; Petra Norlund. 2014. "Exploring the impact of the 2008 global food crisis on food security among vulnerable households in rural South Africa." Food Security 6, no. 2: 283-297.
Socioecological theory, developed through the study of urban environments, has recently led to a proliferation of research focusing on comparative analyses of cities. This research emphasis has been concentrated in the more developed countries of the Northern Hemisphere (often referred to as the “Global North”), yet urbanization is now occurring mostly in the developing world, with the fastest rates of growth in sub‐Saharan Africa. Countries like South Africa are experiencing a variety of land‐cover changes that may challenge current assumptions about the differences between urban and rural environments and about the connectivity of these dynamic socioecological systems. Furthermore, questions concerning ecosystem services, landscape preferences, and conservation – when analyzed through rural livelihood frameworks – may provide insights into the social and ecological resilience of human settlements. Increasing research on urban development processes occurring in Africa, and on patterns of kinship and migration in the less developed countries of the “Global South”, will advance a more comprehensive worldview of how future urbanization will influence the progress of sustainable societies.
Melissa R McHale; David N Bunn; Steward Ta Pickett; Wayne Twine. Urban ecology in a developing world: why advanced socioecological theory needs Africa. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2013, 11, 556 -564.
AMA StyleMelissa R McHale, David N Bunn, Steward Ta Pickett, Wayne Twine. Urban ecology in a developing world: why advanced socioecological theory needs Africa. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2013; 11 (10):556-564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelissa R McHale; David N Bunn; Steward Ta Pickett; Wayne Twine. 2013. "Urban ecology in a developing world: why advanced socioecological theory needs Africa." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11, no. 10: 556-564.