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The estrogen-like mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely distributed contaminants especially in maize and its commodities, such as corn oil. ZEN degrading enzymes possess the potential for counteracting the negative effect of ZEN and its associated high safety risk in corn oil. Herein, we targeted enhancing the secretion of ZEN degrading enzyme by Pichia pastoris through constructing an expression plasmid containing three optimized expression cassettes of zlhy-6 codon and signal peptides. Further, we explored various parameters of enzymatic detoxification in neutralized oil and analyzed tocopherols and sterols losses in the corn oil. In addition, the distribution of degraded products was demonstrated as well by Agilent 6510 Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry. P. pastoris GSZ with the glucoamylase signal was observed with the highest ZLHY-6 secretion yield of 0.39 mg/mL. During the refining of corn oil, ZEN in the crude oil was reduced from 1257.3 to 13 µg/kg (3.69% residual) after neutralization and enzymatic detoxification. Compared with the neutralized oil, no significant difference in the total tocopherols and sterols contents was detected after enzymatic detoxification. Finally, the degraded products were found to be entirely eliminated by washing. This study presents an enzymatic strategy for efficient and safe ZEN removal with relatively low nutrient loss, which provides an important basis for further application of enzymatic ZEN elimination in the industrial process of corn oil production.
Xiaojiao Chang; Hujun Liu; Jing Sun; Jun Wang; Chengcheng Zhao; Wan Zhang; Jie Zhang; Changpo Sun. Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy. Toxins 2020, 12, 117 .
AMA StyleXiaojiao Chang, Hujun Liu, Jing Sun, Jun Wang, Chengcheng Zhao, Wan Zhang, Jie Zhang, Changpo Sun. Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaojiao Chang; Hujun Liu; Jing Sun; Jun Wang; Chengcheng Zhao; Wan Zhang; Jie Zhang; Changpo Sun. 2020. "Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy." Toxins 12, no. 2: 117.
The general utilization of processing equipment in industry has increased the risk of foreign material contamination. For example, peanut and walnut contaminants in whole wheat flour, which typically a healthy food, are a threat to people who are allergic to nuts. The feasibility of utilizing near-infrared hyperspectral imaging to inspect peanut and walnut powder in whole wheat flour was evaluated herein. Hyperspectral images at wavelengths 950–1700 nm were acquired. A standard normal variate combined with the Savitzky–Golay first derivative spectral transformation was adopted for the development of a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model to predict contamination concentrations. A successive projection algorithm (SPA) and uninformative variable elimination (UVE) for feature wavelength selection were compared. Two individual prediction models for peanut or walnut-contaminated flour, and a general multispectral model for both peanut-contaminated flour and walnut-contaminated flour, were developed. The optimal general multispectral model had promising results, with a determination coefficient of prediction (Rp2) of 0.987, and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.373%. Visualization maps based on multispectral PLSR models reflected the contamination concentration variations in a spatial manner. The results demonstrated that near-infrared hyperspectral imaging has the potential to inspect peanut and walnut powders in flour for rapid quality control.
Xin Zhao; Wei Wang; Xinzhi Ni; Xuan Chu; Yu-Feng Li; Changpo Sun. Evaluation of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Detection of Peanut and Walnut Powders in Whole Wheat Flour. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1076 .
AMA StyleXin Zhao, Wei Wang, Xinzhi Ni, Xuan Chu, Yu-Feng Li, Changpo Sun. Evaluation of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Detection of Peanut and Walnut Powders in Whole Wheat Flour. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (7):1076.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Zhao; Wei Wang; Xinzhi Ni; Xuan Chu; Yu-Feng Li; Changpo Sun. 2018. "Evaluation of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Detection of Peanut and Walnut Powders in Whole Wheat Flour." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7: 1076.
The determination of zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives as biomarkers in animal tissues or organs plays an important role in mycotoxin monitoring and can promote effective exposure assessment. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of nine ZEN-like mycotoxins, including three glucuronides in different pig tissues (heart, liver, spleen and muscle) was developed and validated in this study. Tissue samples were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and clean-up procedure, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Dynamic linear ranges for each target analyte were determined with R2 between 0.916 and 0.999. The LODs of the six ZENs were achieved in the range of 0.5–1 ng/g and the LOQs varied from 1 ng/g to 2 ng/g. The satisfying intra-day and inter-day reproducibility (both RSDr and RSDR < 20%) indicated a good stability of this method. The recoveries of the nine target analytes were in the range of 70–110%. The validation results showed that this LC-MS/MS method coupled with QuEChERS sample pretreatment is effective and suitable for the simultaneous quantitation of ZEN metabolites in pigs. It has been applied to analysis of the pig tissues in this research and can be also adapted for samples in the mycotoxin research field.
Zheng Yan; Lan Wang; Jun Wang; Yanglan Tan; Dianzhen Yu; Xiaojiao Chang; Yingying Fan; Duoyong Zhao; Cheng Wang; Marthe De Boevre; Sarah De Saeger; Changpo Sun; Aibo Wu. A QuEChERS-Based Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Nine Zearalenone-Like Mycotoxins in Pigs. Toxins 2018, 10, 129 .
AMA StyleZheng Yan, Lan Wang, Jun Wang, Yanglan Tan, Dianzhen Yu, Xiaojiao Chang, Yingying Fan, Duoyong Zhao, Cheng Wang, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Changpo Sun, Aibo Wu. A QuEChERS-Based Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Nine Zearalenone-Like Mycotoxins in Pigs. Toxins. 2018; 10 (3):129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng Yan; Lan Wang; Jun Wang; Yanglan Tan; Dianzhen Yu; Xiaojiao Chang; Yingying Fan; Duoyong Zhao; Cheng Wang; Marthe De Boevre; Sarah De Saeger; Changpo Sun; Aibo Wu. 2018. "A QuEChERS-Based Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Nine Zearalenone-Like Mycotoxins in Pigs." Toxins 10, no. 3: 129.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is widely found in food and feed products as a mycotoxin contaminant. It is produced by Penicillium species and several Aspergillus species. The identification OTA detoxification microorganisms is believed to be the best approach for decontamination. In this study, we isolated ASAG1, a bacterium with the ability to degrade OTA effectively, from grain depot-stored maize. A 16S rDNA sequencing approach was used to identify this strain as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ASAG1. The degradation of OTA was detected in both medium and cell-free extracts after incubation with a culture of B. amyloliquefaciens ASAG1 cells. Subsequently, a hydrolysed enzyme (carboxypeptidase) related to the enzymatic conversion of OTA was cloned from the B. amyloliquefaciens ASAG1 genome. Using the Escherichia coli Expression System, we successfully expressed and purified this carboxypeptidase. When this enzyme was incubated with the engineered recombinant E. coli cells, the concentration of OTA was dramatically degraded. Our data therefore indicate that the carboxypeptidase produced by B. amyloliquefaciens ASAG1 is likely responsible for the biodegradation of OTA.
Xiaojiao Chang; Zidan Wu; Songling Wu; Yanshi Dai; Changpo Sun. Degradation of ochratoxin A byBacillus amyloliquefaciensASAG1. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2014, 32, 564 -571.
AMA StyleXiaojiao Chang, Zidan Wu, Songling Wu, Yanshi Dai, Changpo Sun. Degradation of ochratoxin A byBacillus amyloliquefaciensASAG1. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2014; 32 (4):564-571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaojiao Chang; Zidan Wu; Songling Wu; Yanshi Dai; Changpo Sun. 2014. "Degradation of ochratoxin A byBacillus amyloliquefaciensASAG1." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 32, no. 4: 564-571.