Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered significant interest in the field of nanotechnology owing to their unique structure and exceptional properties. These materials find applications across a diverse array of fields, including electronics, environmental science, energy, and biotechnology. CNTs serve as potent reinforcing agents in polymer composites; even minimal additions can significantly improve the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polymers. With the growing demand for polymer composites across various industries, there is an anticipation for CNT/polymer composites to evolve in increasingly diverse directions. This paper reviews recent advancements in the manufacturing techniques of various CNT/polymer composites and discusses the enhancements in their mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Furthermore, it explores the potential applications of these composites.

The mechanical properties of the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are dependent on the interfacial interaction and adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and polymer matrices. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how modifying the CFs can influence the properties of these composites. This review outlines recent research progress with a focus on the relationship between the interfacial and mechanical properties of CFRPs and provides a systematic summary of state-of-the-art surface modification techniques. These techniques are divided into four categories: (i) wet, (ii) electrochemical, (iii) dry, and (iv) polymer matrix modifications. Several strategies for enhancing the interfacial interactions and adhesion of CFRPs are discussed, providing insights for future trends.