Patrinia scabiosaefolia L. (P. scabiosaefolia), a traditional food and medicinal plant, is used to treat internal inflammation. This study investigated the mechanisms by which P. scabiosaefolia improves ulcerative colitis (UC) via combined UHPLC-OE-MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments. A total of 72 compounds were detected in the P. scabiosaefolia extraction, with 15 key components (ranking by degree value) selected for further analysis. GO enrichment analysis suggested that PS may alleviate UC-related renal dysfunction by modulating immune responses, inflammation, and cell signaling pathways. Based on protein–protein interaction results, five core targets of P. scabiosaefolia in UC (ranking by degree value) were identified, and molecular docking revealed strong binding free affinity (<−7 kcal/mol) of active components (Vulgarin and 4-(Diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) with TNF, AKT1, CASP3, BCL2, and MMP9. In animal experiments, P. scabiosaefolia-treated mice showed significant reductions in IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and D-Lactate levels (p < 0.05); improved colon histopathological damage; and significantly increased the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin, OCC) in colon tissue (p < 0.05). Furthermore, P. scabiosaefolia-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in beneficial gut bacteria (Enterococcus and Lactobacillus) (p < 0.05), effectively restoring the gut imbalance caused by DSS. In conclusion, P. scabiosaefolia can treat UC through the modulation of the intestinal microecology.

Figs, known for their high‐antioxidant capacity, have shown potential in regulating obesity. However, research on fig‐based products and the mechanisms behind their effects remains limited. This study aims to systematically evaluate the potential of fig meal replacement powder (FMRP) in regulating obesity and mitigating obesity‐induced oxidative stress through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, while also elucidating its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that FMRP exhibited superior nutritional value and antioxidant activity compared to commercially available alternatives. Furthermore, FMRP significantly reduced weight gain, improved lipid metabolism, alleviated liver damage and oxidative stress, and positively modulated the gut microbiota in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Gut microbiota analysis showed that FMRP could restore the gut microbiota of hfd mice. For instance, it reduced the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. The correlation analysis has revealed the key bacterial genera related to obesity and oxidative stress. The key bacterial genera related to obesity include Desulfovibrio , Lachnoclostridium , etc., while the key bacterial genera related to oxidative stress include Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Turicibacter , etc. In conclusion, FMRP effectively alleviates oxidative stress, improves lipid metabolism, and modulates the gut microbiota, highlighting its potential as a functional food for obesity management.