Roads are essential for economic development, facilitating the circulation of services and resources. This research seeks to provide local governments with a comprehensive framework to enhance road maintenance, focusing on the surface and functional evaluation of pavements. It compares the conventional methods International Roughness Index (IRI) and the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) with novel methodologies that employ smart technologies. The efficiency of such technologies in the maintenance of local roads in Peru is analyzed, taking as a case study a 2 km section of the AR-780 highway in the city of Arequipa. The International Roughness Index (IRI) obtained through the Merlin Roughness Meter and the Roadroid application were compared, finding a minimum variation of 4.0% in the left lane and 8.7% in the right lane. Roadroid turned out to be 60 times faster than the conventional method, with a cost difference of 220.11 soles/km (USD $57.92/km). Both methods classified the Present Serviceability Index (PSI) as good, validating the accuracy of Roadroid. In addition, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was evaluated with conventional methods and a DJI Mavic 2 Pro drone, finding a variation of 6.9%. The cost difference between the methodologies was 1047.73 soles/km (USD $275.72/km), and the use of the drone proved to be 10 times faster than visual inspection. This study contributes to closing the knowledge gap regarding the use of smart technologies for better pavement management on local roads, so the actors in charge of such infrastructure make decisions based on science, contributing to the well-being of the population.

The influence of Bacillus subtilis (Solution A) and Paenibacillus polymyxa (Solution B) bacteria on the properties of conventional concrete with a design compressive strength of f′c = 210 kg/cm² and on the repair of microcracks and fissures was evaluated. Yura Type IP and Frontera Type IP cements were used, together with aggregates from the Chiguata and La Poderosa quarries (Arequipa, Peru). Two mix design methods were applied: ACI 211 and the fineness modulus of the combined aggregates. For microcrack repair, injections of Solutions A and B were applied, followed by either water curing or curing in the corresponding bacterial solution. For water replacement, both solutions were used at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Compressive strengths were measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results indicate that bacterial incorporation, together with reductions in the effective water-to-cement ratio associated with bacterial solution replacement, was associated with improvements in compressive strength and microcrack repair through mechanisms consistent with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation. For the injection group, a maximum strength of 196.09 kg/cm² was obtained. For the water replacement group, a maximum strength of 335.71 kg/cm² was reached, representing a 59.9% increase over the standard design. The P. polymyxa solution consistently outperformed B. subtilis across all groups and concentrations evaluated. These findings suggest that bacterial solutions—particularly P. polymyxa—may represent a promising complementary strategy to improve concrete performance and durability under the evaluated experimental conditions.

This research seeks to provide local governments with a comprehensive alternative for the proper maintenance of roads, focusing on the surface and functional evaluation of pavements. It compares conventional methods of the International Roughness Index (IRI) and the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) with novel methodologies that employ smart technologies. Road maintenance is essential for economic development, facilitating the circulation of services and resources. This re-search analyzes the efficiency of smart technologies in the maintenance of local roads in Arequipa, taking as a case study a 2 km section of the AR-780 highway in Polobaya. The International Roughness Indices (IRI) obtained through the Merlin Roughness Meter and the Roadroid application were compared, finding a minimum variation of 4.007% in the left lane and 8.5% in the right lane. Roadroid turned out to be 60 times faster than the conventional method, with a cost difference of 220.11 soles/km ($/ 57.92/km). Both methods classified the road condition (PSI) as GOOD, validating the accuracy of Roadroid. In addition, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was evaluated with conventional methods and a DJI Mavic 2 Pro drone, finding a variation of 6.89%. The cost difference between the methodologies was 1,047.73 soles/km ($/ 275.72/km), and the use of the drone proved to be 10 times faster than visual inspection. Finally, it can be said that this study contributes to closing the knowledge gap regarding the use of smart technologies for better pavement management on local roads, so that the actors in charge of the roads can make decisions based on science and this contributes to the well-being of the population.

This research seeks to provide local governments with a comprehensive alternative for the proper maintenance of roads, focusing on the surface and functional evaluation of pavements. It com-pares conventional methods of the International Roughness Index (IRI) and the Pavement Condi-tion Index (PCI) with novel methodologies that employ smart technologies. Road maintenance is essential for economic development, facilitating the circulation of services and resources. This re-search analyzes the efficiency of smart technologies in the maintenance of local roads in Arequipa, taking as a case study a 2 km section of the AR-780 highway in Polobaya. The International Roughness Indices (IRI) obtained through the Merlin Roughness Meter and the Roadroid applica-tion were compared, finding a minimum variation of 4.007% in the left lane and 8.5% in the right lane. Roadroid turned out to be 60 times faster than the conventional method, with a cost differ-ence of 220.11 soles. Both methods classified the road condition (PSI) as GOOD, validating the accuracy of Roadroid. In addition, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was evaluated with con-ventional methods and a DJI Mavic 2 Pro drone, finding a variation of 6.89%. The cost difference between the methodologies was 1,047.73 soles, and the use of the drone proved to be 10 times faster than visual inspection. Finally, it can be said that this study contributes to closing the knowledge gap regarding the use of smart technologies for better pavement management on local roads, so that the actors in charge of the roads can make decisions based on science and thus con-tribute to the well-being of the population.