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Xiuqing Zheng
College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024, China

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Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Water
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Reducing soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas of the Yellow River Basin greatly benefits the efficient utilization of water resources in winter and spring, particularly during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. We conducted a field experiment in winter to understand the influences of different sand interlayers (depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm and particle sizes of 0.5–1.5 mm and 2.0–2.5 mm) on soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. The results show that the sand interlayer reduced soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. Decreasing the depth of the sand layer was more effective at reducing the evaporation than increasing the grain size. Soil evaporation reduced as the sand interlayer approached the surface. With constant particle size, total soil evaporation decreased by 40%, 20%, and 18% for sand interlayer depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm, respectively, compared to the homogeneous soil column. With a constant sand interlayer depth, the inhibition of soil evaporation for a particle size of 0.5–1.5 mm was clear. That is significant for improving the efficient utilization of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin.

ACS Style

Jing Xue; Huijun Feng; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Qi Du. The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River. Water 2020, 12, 2092 .

AMA Style

Jing Xue, Huijun Feng, Junfeng Chen, Xiuqing Zheng, Qi Du. The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River. Water. 2020; 12 (8):2092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Xue; Huijun Feng; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Qi Du. 2020. "The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River." Water 12, no. 8: 2092.

Original article
Published: 10 June 2020 in Carbonates and Evaporites
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Integration of the information from hydrochemical data, statistical analysis and modeling technique is crucial for extending our knowledge of hydrochemistry of karst aquifers. In this paper, conventional graphical methods, statistical analysis and PHREEQC inverse modeling were used to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution processes of karst groundwater in Jinci spring area. The results showed that the dominant hydrochemical types of karst groundwater determined by Piper diagram were Ca·Mg–SO4·HCO3, Ca·Mg–SO4, Ca–SO4, Ca–SO4·HCO3 and Ca–HCO3, and the main components of karst groundwater were dominated by rock–water interactions based on statistical analysis. Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− originated mainly from the dissolution of calcite and dolomite; SO42− came mostly from gypsum dissolution and pyrite oxidation; and the source of Na+ and Cl− could either be major from halite dissolution or cation exchange. Moreover, PHREEQC inverse modeling indicated that calcite, gypsum and CO2 (g) were dissolved, and Ca–Mg exchange prevailed along the flow path (from recharge area to runoff area); the dissolution of gypsum, dolomite and CO2 (g), and halite precipitation, and Na–Mg and Ca–Mg exchange occurred along runoff area to discharge area; and there were the dissolution of carbonate, gypsum, halite and CO2 (g), Na–Mg and Ca–Mg exchange from deep buried area to discharge area.

ACS Style

Shuaishuai Lu; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Yongping Liang; Zhenxing Jia; Xuqiang Li. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in Jinci spring area, north China. Carbonates and Evaporites 2020, 35, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Shuaishuai Lu, Junfeng Chen, Xiuqing Zheng, Yongping Liang, Zhenxing Jia, Xuqiang Li. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in Jinci spring area, north China. Carbonates and Evaporites. 2020; 35 (3):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuaishuai Lu; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Yongping Liang; Zhenxing Jia; Xuqiang Li. 2020. "Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in Jinci spring area, north China." Carbonates and Evaporites 35, no. 3: 1-14.

Research article
Published: 07 April 2020 in Hydrological Processes
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ACS Style

Junfeng Chen; Xue Xie; Xiuqing Zheng; Jing Xue; Chunyan Miao; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. Effects of sand‐mulch thickness on soil evaporation during the freeze–thaw period. Hydrological Processes 2020, 34, 2830 -2842.

AMA Style

Junfeng Chen, Xue Xie, Xiuqing Zheng, Jing Xue, Chunyan Miao, Qi Du, Yongxin Xu. Effects of sand‐mulch thickness on soil evaporation during the freeze–thaw period. Hydrological Processes. 2020; 34 (13):2830-2842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfeng Chen; Xue Xie; Xiuqing Zheng; Jing Xue; Chunyan Miao; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. 2020. "Effects of sand‐mulch thickness on soil evaporation during the freeze–thaw period." Hydrological Processes 34, no. 13: 2830-2842.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2019 in Water
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Sudden floods in the medium and small watershed by a sudden rainstorm and locally heavy rainfall often lead to flash floods. Therefore, it is of practical and theoretical significance to explore appropriate flood forecasting model for medium and small watersheds for flood control and disaster reduction in the loess region under the condition of underlying surface changes. This paper took the Gedong basin in the loess region of western Shanxi as the research area, analyzing the underlying surface and floods characteristics. The underlying surface change was divided into three periods (HSP1, HSP2, HSP3), and the floods were divided into three grades (great, moderate, small). The paper applied K Nearest Neighbor method and Fireworks Algorithm to improve the Extreme Learning Machine model (KNN-FWA-ELM) and proposed KNN-FWA-ELM hybrid flood forecasting model, which was further applied to flood forecasting of different underlying surface conditions and flood grades. Results demonstrated that KNN-FWA-ELM model had better simulation performance and higher simulation accuracy than the ELM model for flood forecasting, and the qualified rate was 17.39% higher than the ELM model. KNN-FWA-ELM model was superior to the ELM model in three periods and the simulation performance of three flood grades, and the simulation performance of KNN-FWA-ELM model was better in HSP1 stage floods and great floods.

ACS Style

Juanhui Ren; Bo Ren; Qiuwen Zhang; Xiuqing Zheng. A Novel Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine Approach Improved by K Nearest Neighbor Method and Fireworks Algorithm for Flood Forecasting in Medium and Small Watershed of Loess Region. Water 2019, 11, 1848 .

AMA Style

Juanhui Ren, Bo Ren, Qiuwen Zhang, Xiuqing Zheng. A Novel Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine Approach Improved by K Nearest Neighbor Method and Fireworks Algorithm for Flood Forecasting in Medium and Small Watershed of Loess Region. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juanhui Ren; Bo Ren; Qiuwen Zhang; Xiuqing Zheng. 2019. "A Novel Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine Approach Improved by K Nearest Neighbor Method and Fireworks Algorithm for Flood Forecasting in Medium and Small Watershed of Loess Region." Water 11, no. 9: 1848.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2019 in Water
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Reducing soil evaporation is important to alleviate water shortages in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this work was to reveal the effect of straw mulch on soil evaporation based on field experiments during a freeze–thaw period in Northern China. Four soil surface mulch treatment modes were investigated: Bare soil (BS), 1 cm thick straw mulch with 100% coverage rate (J1), 2 cm thick straw mulch with 100% coverage rate (J2), and 2 cm thick straw mulch with 50% coverage rate (J3). Principal component analysis was used to analyze the major factors influencing soil evaporation in three freeze–thaw stages. The results show that cumulative soil evaporation decreased with increased straw mulch thickness and coverage rate. The effect of straw mulching on soil evaporation was obvious during the stable freezing period, and soil evaporation with straw mulch treatments was reduced by 49.0% to 58.8% compared to BS treatment, while there was little difference for straw mulch treatments in the thawing stage. The relationship between cumulative soil evaporation under different straw mulch modes and time was well fitted by the power function. In the unstable freezing stage, the major factors for all treatments influencing soil evaporation were surface soil temperature and water surface evaporation; in the stable stage, they were solar radiation and relative humidity, and in the thawing stage, they were solar radiation and air temperature. The research results can provide a basis for addressing soil water storage and moisture conservation and restraining ineffective soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas.

ACS Style

Junfeng Chen; Xue Xie; Xiuqing Zheng; Jing Xue; Chunyan Miao; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. Effect of Straw Mulch on Soil Evaporation during Freeze–Thaw Periods. Water 2019, 11, 1689 .

AMA Style

Junfeng Chen, Xue Xie, Xiuqing Zheng, Jing Xue, Chunyan Miao, Qi Du, Yongxin Xu. Effect of Straw Mulch on Soil Evaporation during Freeze–Thaw Periods. Water. 2019; 11 (8):1689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfeng Chen; Xue Xie; Xiuqing Zheng; Jing Xue; Chunyan Miao; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. 2019. "Effect of Straw Mulch on Soil Evaporation during Freeze–Thaw Periods." Water 11, no. 8: 1689.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2019 in Water
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Toothed internal energy dissipaters (TIED) are a new type of internal energy dissipaters, which combines the internal energy dissipaters of sudden reduction and sudden enlargement forms with the open-flow energy dissipation together. In order to provide a design basis for an optimized body type of the TIED, the effect of the area contraction ratio (ε) on the hydraulic characteristics, including over-current capability, energy dissipation rate, time-averaged pressure, pulsating pressure, time-averaged velocity, and pulsating velocity, were studied using the methods of a physical model test and theoretical analysis. The main results are as follows. The over-current capability mainly depends on ε, and the larger ε is, the larger the flow coefficient is. The energy dissipation rate is proportional to the quadratic of Re and inversely proportional to ε. The changes of the time-averaged pressure coefficients under each flow are similar along the test pipe, and the differences of the time-averaged pressure coefficient between the inlet of the TIED and the outlet of the TIED decrease with the increase of ε. The peaks of the pulsating pressure coefficient appear at 1.3 D after the TIED and are inversely proportional to ε. When the flow is 18 l/s and ε increases from 0.375 to 0.625, the maximum of time-averaged velocity coefficient on the line of Z/D = 0.42 reduces from 2.53 to 1.17, and that on the line of Z/D = 0 decreases from 2.99 to 1.74. The maximum values of pulsating velocity on the line of Z/D = 0.42 appear at 1.57D and those of Z/D = 0 appear at 2.72D, when the flow is 18 l/s. The maximum values of pulsating velocity decrease with the increase of ε. Finally, two empirical expressions, related to the flow coefficient and energy loss coefficient, are separately presented.

ACS Style

Ting Zhang; Rui-Xia Hao; Xiu-Qing Zheng; Ze Zhang. Effect of the Area Contraction Ratio on the Hydraulic Characteristics of the Toothed Internal Energy Dissipaters. Water 2019, 11, 1406 .

AMA Style

Ting Zhang, Rui-Xia Hao, Xiu-Qing Zheng, Ze Zhang. Effect of the Area Contraction Ratio on the Hydraulic Characteristics of the Toothed Internal Energy Dissipaters. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ting Zhang; Rui-Xia Hao; Xiu-Qing Zheng; Ze Zhang. 2019. "Effect of the Area Contraction Ratio on the Hydraulic Characteristics of the Toothed Internal Energy Dissipaters." Water 11, no. 7: 1406.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2018 in Water
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This paper aims to gain a better understanding of urban river pollution through evaluation of water quality. Data for 10 parameters at eight sites of the Tongzhou Section of the Beiyun River (TSBR) are analyzed. Hierarchical cluster analysis, fuzzy comprehensive assessment, discriminant analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to estimate the water situation of each cluster and analyze its spatial-temporal variations. Principal component analysis/factor analysis were applied to extract and recognize the sources responsible for water-quality variations. The results showed that temporal variation is greater than spatial and sewage discharge is the dominant factor of the seasonal distribution. Moreover, during the rapid-flow period, water quality is polluted by a combination of organic matter, phosphorus, bio-chemical pollutants and nitrogen; during the gentle-flow period, water quality is influenced by domestic and industrial waste, the activities of algae, aquatic plants and phosphorus pollution. In regard to future improvement of water quality in TSBR, the control of reclaimed wastewater from adjacent factories should first be put in place, as well as other techniques, for example, an increase of the impervious area, low-impact development, and integrated management practices should also be proposed in managing storm water runoff.

ACS Style

Juanhui Ren; Ji Liang; Bo Ren; Xiuqing Zheng; Chaofan Guo. New Patterns of Temporal and Spatial Variation in Water Quality of a Highly Artificialized Urban River-Course—a Case Study in the Tongzhou Section of the Beiyun River. Water 2018, 10, 1446 .

AMA Style

Juanhui Ren, Ji Liang, Bo Ren, Xiuqing Zheng, Chaofan Guo. New Patterns of Temporal and Spatial Variation in Water Quality of a Highly Artificialized Urban River-Course—a Case Study in the Tongzhou Section of the Beiyun River. Water. 2018; 10 (10):1446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juanhui Ren; Ji Liang; Bo Ren; Xiuqing Zheng; Chaofan Guo. 2018. "New Patterns of Temporal and Spatial Variation in Water Quality of a Highly Artificialized Urban River-Course—a Case Study in the Tongzhou Section of the Beiyun River." Water 10, no. 10: 1446.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2018 in Water
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Exploring the hydrogeochemical processes of karst groundwater has significant meaning for protecting local groundwater systems in semi-arid areas. Taking a typical semi-arid karst groundwater system—the Liulin spring area—as the research region, hydrogeochemical processes from rainfall infiltration to formation of higher total dissolved solids (TDS) water were studied, applying a mass balance model and the prediction of water chemical components in the focus area was explored. The results showed that hydrogeochemical processes dominating chemical components of karst groundwater included lixiviation, cation exchange and mixture. Calcite dissolved during rainfall infiltration processes in recharge area and saturated, then precipitated along the whole flow path. CO2 dissolved significantly along with rainfall infiltration process and outgassed in discharge area and stagnant area. The dissolution of dolomite, gypsum and halite accompanied entire flow path and maximum dissolution load occurred in stagnant area. Mg-Na or Ca-Na exchange prevailed along flow path but exchange types depended on ionic concentration. The mixture between surface water and karst groundwater took place in surface water leakage belt in recharge and discharge area and mixture ratio for surface water ranged from 40% to 70%. TDS of the Liulin springs will increase with decreasing surface water leakage. Conversely, TDS of karst groundwater near Henggou area will decrease accompanied by the continuous discharge of the Henggou artesian well.

ACS Style

Xiuqing Zheng; Hongfei Zang; Yongbo Zhang; Junfeng Chen; Fei Zhang; Yu Shen. A Study of Hydrogeochemical Processes on Karst Groundwater Using a Mass Balance Model in the Liulin Spring Area, North China. Water 2018, 10, 903 .

AMA Style

Xiuqing Zheng, Hongfei Zang, Yongbo Zhang, Junfeng Chen, Fei Zhang, Yu Shen. A Study of Hydrogeochemical Processes on Karst Groundwater Using a Mass Balance Model in the Liulin Spring Area, North China. Water. 2018; 10 (7):903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiuqing Zheng; Hongfei Zang; Yongbo Zhang; Junfeng Chen; Fei Zhang; Yu Shen. 2018. "A Study of Hydrogeochemical Processes on Karst Groundwater Using a Mass Balance Model in the Liulin Spring Area, North China." Water 10, no. 7: 903.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2018 in Water
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Reducing ineffective evaporation is a feasible means to improve water use efficiency in agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. A field experiment assessed the impact of sand mulches (1-cm thickness) with a particle size of 0.5–1.5 mm (XS) and 1.5–2.0 mm (CS) on soil evaporation during winter in Northern China. Results showed that CS and XS increased by at least 11.93% and 14.92% compared to bare soil (LD), respectively. However, the sand mulches showed significant distinctions in soil evaporation at different stages. Soil evaporation was the highest in LD, while CS evaporated the least in the unstable freezing stage (P1) and stable freezing stage (P2); in the thawing stage (P3), XS evaporated the most, while LD evaporated the least. Ten factors affecting evaporation were analyzed using the principal component analysis method to elaborate the mechanisms of soil evaporation. Mean soil moisture at depths from 0 to 15 cm was a factor that affected the evaporation of XS and CS in the test. Soil moisture was evaporated by vapor when the frost penetration was dense and the frost impeded the vapor movement. The evaporation rates were steady and weak in this period, and soil moisture had slight impact on soil evaporation, especially XS and CS treatment with higher water content at the surface. The research is significant for preventing evaporation and the improvement of water-use efficiency.

ACS Style

Huijun Feng; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Jing Xue; Chunyan Miao; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. Effect of Sand Mulches of Different Particle Sizes on Soil Evaporation during the Freeze–Thaw Period. Water 2018, 10, 536 .

AMA Style

Huijun Feng, Junfeng Chen, Xiuqing Zheng, Jing Xue, Chunyan Miao, Qi Du, Yongxin Xu. Effect of Sand Mulches of Different Particle Sizes on Soil Evaporation during the Freeze–Thaw Period. Water. 2018; 10 (5):536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huijun Feng; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Jing Xue; Chunyan Miao; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. 2018. "Effect of Sand Mulches of Different Particle Sizes on Soil Evaporation during the Freeze–Thaw Period." Water 10, no. 5: 536.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2018 in Water
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During freeze–thaw periods, the exchange between shallow groundwater and soil water is unusually strong and bidirectional, which causes soil salinization and affects the accuracy of water resources assessment. The objectives of this study were to explore the laws of transformation between phreatic water and soil water through nine different groundwater table depths (GTDs) and three kinds of lithologies during three successive freeze–thaw periods using field lysimeters. The results showed that phreatic evaporation increased with smaller average soil particle sizes. The differences between phreatic evaporation and recharge to groundwater (DPR) and GTDs were well fitted by the semi-logarithmic model, and the regression coefficients A and B of the model were well fitted by the linear relationship with the average soil particle size. With the increase of soil particle size, the change of DPR decreased with the change rate of soil particle size. The extent of transformation between phreatic water and soil water decreased with the increase of soil particle size. During the whole freeze–thaw period, the negative value of DPR increased with an decrease in GTD. The groundwater depths of zero DPR (D-zero) of sandy loam, fine sand and sandy soil during the freeze–thaw periods were 2.79 m, 2.21 m and 2.12 m, respectively. This research is significant for the prevention of soil salinization disasters and the accurate assessment of water resources.

ACS Style

Junfeng Chen; Xuguang Gao; Xiuqing Zheng; Chunyan Miao; Ping Liu; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. Transformation between Phreatic Water and Soil Water during Freeze–Thaw Periods. Water 2018, 10, 376 .

AMA Style

Junfeng Chen, Xuguang Gao, Xiuqing Zheng, Chunyan Miao, Ping Liu, Qi Du, Yongxin Xu. Transformation between Phreatic Water and Soil Water during Freeze–Thaw Periods. Water. 2018; 10 (4):376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfeng Chen; Xuguang Gao; Xiuqing Zheng; Chunyan Miao; Ping Liu; Qi Du; Yongxin Xu. 2018. "Transformation between Phreatic Water and Soil Water during Freeze–Thaw Periods." Water 10, no. 4: 376.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2017 in Water
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The exchange between shallow groundwater and soil water is unusually strong during freeze-thaw periods. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of four different groundwater table depths (GTDs) and two soil textures on soil water moisture migration and phreatic evaporation during a freeze-thaw period using lysimeters. The results show that a high-moisture zone (HMZ) formed at a depth of 25–35 cm for sandy loam with a soil moisture content of 52%, while no obvious HMZ formed for fine sand when the GTD was 0.5 m. When the GTD was 2.0 m, a HMZ formed at a depth of 50–70 cm for sandy loam at the highest soil moisture content of 22%, while a HMZ formed at a depth of 60–80 cm for fine sand with a soil moisture content of 10%. The cumulative phreatic evaporation increased by a power function on freezing days during the freezing period. The total phreatic evaporation for sandy loam declined linearly with the increasing of GTD, and with the largest evaporation value of 73.6 mm for fine sand when the GTD was 1.0 m during the freeze-thaw period. The research would be significant for water resource assessment, the conversion of farmland water, and the prevention of saline land.

ACS Style

Chunyan Miao; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Yongbo Zhang; Yongxin Xu; Qi Du. Soil Water and Phreatic Evaporation in Shallow Groundwater during a Freeze–Thaw Period. Water 2017, 9, 396 .

AMA Style

Chunyan Miao, Junfeng Chen, Xiuqing Zheng, Yongbo Zhang, Yongxin Xu, Qi Du. Soil Water and Phreatic Evaporation in Shallow Groundwater during a Freeze–Thaw Period. Water. 2017; 9 (6):396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunyan Miao; Junfeng Chen; Xiuqing Zheng; Yongbo Zhang; Yongxin Xu; Qi Du. 2017. "Soil Water and Phreatic Evaporation in Shallow Groundwater during a Freeze–Thaw Period." Water 9, no. 6: 396.

Original article
Published: 19 April 2017 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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This study explores the hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater in the Jinci Spring region, Shanxi Province, northern China. During 2015, karst groundwater samples collected from 24 sampling points along several profiles that follow the groundwater flow direction were subjected to hydrochemical analysis. Reaction paths and mineral phases for the hydrogeochemical modeling were determined based on the analysis results and in conjunction with the regional geology and hydrogeology. The PHREEQC hydrogeochemical modeling software was used to perform mass balance and reaction path modeling of the hydrogeochemical evolution of the spring region. The modeling results showed that from the recharge area through the runoff area to the drainage area, the hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the karst water vary widely between the northeastern, central, and southwestern parts of the spring region, and across the piedmont discharge area. Additionally, hydrodynamic fields and geological structures were found to have significant control over the hydrogeochemical reactions occurring within the spring region’s karst groundwater.

ACS Style

Zhenxing Jia; Hongfei Zang; Philip Hobbs; Xiuqing Zheng; Yongxin Xu; Kai Wang. Application of inverse modeling in a study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater in the Jinci Spring region, northern China. Environmental Earth Sciences 2017, 76, 312 .

AMA Style

Zhenxing Jia, Hongfei Zang, Philip Hobbs, Xiuqing Zheng, Yongxin Xu, Kai Wang. Application of inverse modeling in a study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater in the Jinci Spring region, northern China. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2017; 76 (8):312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenxing Jia; Hongfei Zang; Philip Hobbs; Xiuqing Zheng; Yongxin Xu; Kai Wang. 2017. "Application of inverse modeling in a study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater in the Jinci Spring region, northern China." Environmental Earth Sciences 76, no. 8: 312.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2017 in Water
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Accurate forecasting of annual runoff is necessary for water resources management. However, a runoff series consists of complex nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics, which makes forecasting difficult. To contribute towards improved prediction accuracy, a novel hybrid model based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for annual runoff forecasting is proposed and applied in this paper. Firstly, the original annual runoff series is decomposed into a limited number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one trend term based on the EMD, which makes the series stationary. Secondly, it will be forecasted by a least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) when the IMF component possesses chaotic characteristics, and simulated by a polynomial method when it does not. In addition, the reserved trend term is predicted by a Gray Model. Finally, the ensemble forecast for the original runoff series is formulated by combining the prediction results of the modeled IMFs and the trend term. Qualified rate (QR), root mean square errors (RMSE), mean absolute relative errors (MARE), and mean absolute errors (MAE) are used as the comparison criteria. The results reveal that the EMD-based chaotic LSSVM (EMD-CLSSVM) hybrid model is a superior alternative to the CLSSVM hybrid model for forecasting annual runoff at Shangjingyou station, reducing the RMSE, MARE, and MAE by 39%, 28.6%, and 25.6%, respectively. To further illustrate the stability and representativeness of the EMD-CLSSVM hybrid model, runoff data at three additional sites, Zhaishang, Fenhe reservoir, and Lancun stations, were applied to verify the model. The results show that the EMD-CLSSVM hybrid model proved its applicability with high prediction precision. This approach may be used in similar hydrological conditions.

ACS Style

Xuehua Zhao; Xu Chen; Yongxin Xu; Dongjie Xi; Yongbo Zhang; Xiuqing Zheng. An EMD-Based Chaotic Least Squares Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model for Annual Runoff Forecasting. Water 2017, 9, 153 .

AMA Style

Xuehua Zhao, Xu Chen, Yongxin Xu, Dongjie Xi, Yongbo Zhang, Xiuqing Zheng. An EMD-Based Chaotic Least Squares Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model for Annual Runoff Forecasting. Water. 2017; 9 (3):153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehua Zhao; Xu Chen; Yongxin Xu; Dongjie Xi; Yongbo Zhang; Xiuqing Zheng. 2017. "An EMD-Based Chaotic Least Squares Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model for Annual Runoff Forecasting." Water 9, no. 3: 153.

Original articles
Published: 15 December 2014 in Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies
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Due to the significance of karst groundwater for water supply in arid and semi-arid regions, the characteristics of the karst groundwater flow system in the Liulin spring area, North China, are analysed through isotopic tracing (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C and 3H) and dating approaches (14C). The results show that the primary recharge source of karst groundwater is precipitation. Evaporation during dropping and infiltration of rainfall results in a certain offset in the values of δ2H and δ18O in groundwater samples from the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL). The altitudes of the recharge region calculated by δ18O range from 1280 to 2020 m above sea level, which is consistent with the altitudes of the recharge area. The Liulin spring groups could be regarded as the mixing of groundwater with long and short flow paths at a ratio of 4:1. In the upgradient of the Liulin spring, the groundwater represents modern groundwater features and its is mainly derived from dissolution of soil CO2, while in the downgradient of the Liulin spring, the 14C age of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater shows an apparent increase and is mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The mean flow rate calculated by 14C ages of DIC between IS10 and IS12 is 1.23 m/year.

ACS Style

Hongfei Zang; Xiuqing Zheng; Zuodong Qin; Zhenxing Jia. A study of the characteristics of karst groundwater circulation based on multi-isotope approach in the Liulin spring area, North China. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 2014, 51, 271 -284.

AMA Style

Hongfei Zang, Xiuqing Zheng, Zuodong Qin, Zhenxing Jia. A study of the characteristics of karst groundwater circulation based on multi-isotope approach in the Liulin spring area, North China. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. 2014; 51 (2):271-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongfei Zang; Xiuqing Zheng; Zuodong Qin; Zhenxing Jia. 2014. "A study of the characteristics of karst groundwater circulation based on multi-isotope approach in the Liulin spring area, North China." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 51, no. 2: 271-284.

Conference paper
Published: 25 July 2012 in Civil Engineering and Urban Planning 2012
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At present, "The calculating manual of storm flood"is applied to calculate design flood in small catchment in every province. The calculating software for design flood is developed by using VB in this paper. Combined traditional calculation method with computer technology, the automatic calculation process is put to use. The software can not only directly calculate the peak discharge but also design flood process. With a reasonable result, simple method and easy operation, it remarkably improves the computational efficiency and can be conducted as a basic tool of hydrological workers.

ACS Style

Ping Liu; Xiuqing Zheng; Junfeng Chen; Hongfei Zang; Liyuan Zheng. Study on Calculating-Software Development for Design Flood in Small Catchment. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning 2012 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Ping Liu, Xiuqing Zheng, Junfeng Chen, Hongfei Zang, Liyuan Zheng. Study on Calculating-Software Development for Design Flood in Small Catchment. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning 2012. 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Liu; Xiuqing Zheng; Junfeng Chen; Hongfei Zang; Liyuan Zheng. 2012. "Study on Calculating-Software Development for Design Flood in Small Catchment." Civil Engineering and Urban Planning 2012 , no. : 1.