Sustainable fertilization using local resources such as manure is crucial for soil health. This study evaluated the potential of guinea pig manure to replace mineral fertilizers in hard yellow maize (hybrid INIA 619) under Peruvian coastal conditions. A split-plot design tested four doses of guinea pig manure (0, 2, 5, 10 t⋅ha⁻¹) and four levels of mineral fertilization (0%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The study assessed plant height, ear characteristics, yield, and nutritional quality parameters. The results indicated that 100% mineral fertilization led to the highest plant height (229.67 cm) and grain weight (141.8 g). Yields of 9.19 and 9.08 t⋅ha⁻¹ were achieved with 5 and 10 t⋅ha⁻¹ of manure, while 50% mineral fertilization gave 8.8 t⋅ha⁻¹, similar to the full dose (8.7 t⋅ha⁻¹). The protein content was highest with 10 t⋅ha⁻¹ of manure combined with mineral fertilization. However, no significant differences were found between the 50%, 75%, and 100% mineral fertilizer doses. In conclusion, applying guinea pig manure improved nutrient use efficiency, yield, and grain protein quality in maize, reducing the need for mineral fertilizers by up to 50%. This provides a sustainable fertilization strategy for agricultural systems.

A study of agricultural yield sensitivity in Peru to climate variations is conducted from 1961 to 2024 to identify climate drivers and statistical tools for early warning and risk management. The statistical basis is year-on-year change in standardized crop yield rate (CYR) across the southeastern highlands of Peru 7–15° S, 70–77° W. Crops favoring La Nina include citrus, cotton, fruit, and sugar-cane. Based on temporal and spatial correlation and composite analysis, our findings indicate that (i) east Pacific and Caribbean sea temperatures and Atlantic upper winds provide advance warning signals of CYR fluctuations; (ii) during El Niño, the subtropical jet subsides over the Peruvian highlands, raising temperatures and lowering humidity; (iii) during La Niña, cooler temperatures conspire with rising motion and beneficial rains; and (iv) CYR fluctuations account for 26% of macro-economic variance, ~$66 B at the current value. Bringing technological information to agricultural decision making will improve resilience and help meet the twin challenges of a growing population and changeable climate. Adaptive measures are suggested to take advantage of Southern Oscillation’s influence on austral summer weather and subsequent annual crop yield.

This research focused on the plant growth-promoting properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from Morisonia scabrida, a tree adapted to heat stress. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated; among them, S1R21 tolerated 50 °C; S1H21 inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp. FH at 25 and 30 °C; and S1R16 inhibited Alternaria sp. ATCC20084 and F. oxysporum CTLM12 at 25 and 30 °C. Regarding enzymatic activities, S1R21 exhibited amylase activity at 30 °C; S1T20 showed proteinase activity at 37 °C; S1T11 showed pectinase activity at 37 °C; S1R16 and S1R9 demonstrated lipase activity; and S1R20 showed CMCase activity at 30 °C. S1T1 solubilized tricalcium phosphate at 25 and 30 °C; S1H5 produced siderophores at 30 °C; and S1T11 produced IAA and fixed nitrogen at 30 and 37 °C. With respect to germination percentage of corn and alfalfa, the highest values were achieved with strain S1R21 at 30 and 37 °C. Seven strains were selected and identified by 16S rDNA analysis as Bacillus albus S1H21, Bacillus cereus S1R21, Lysinibacillus fusiformis S1R9, Enterobacter sp. (S1H5 and S1R8), Klebsiella sp. S1R16 and Stutzerimonas stutzeri S1T11. Most of these strains increased growth parameters of Zea mays and Medicago sativa, with Stutzerimonas stutzeri S1T11 standing out regarding high aerial and root length, as well as fresh and dry weight. This research study is one of the few studies on endophytic bacteria associated with the Morisonia scabrida tree. It demonstrates that its bacterial diversity could contribute to various biological roles, such as that of plant growth promoter under heat stress.

Pineapple is one of the most important fruit because of its demand in the world market. In La Libertad, at the northern part of Peril, the local variety 'Red Trujillana' is very important in sustaining rural families in the Poroto province. However, in recent years the plants and the fruit peel have developed an atypical yellow color, especially in plantation over three years old. This situation has concerned farmers who use vegetative seeds from such plants as propagating material. For this reason, the effect of vegetative seeds from plantations of different age, on the growth, yield and fruit quality of 'Red Trujillana" was evaluated using a randomized complete blocks design. The vegetative seeds used were fruit basal shoots collected from plantations of 18, 28, 38, 48 and 58 months, of which only the last exhibited yellow foliage symptoms. There were no significant differences in any variable due to the age of the plantation from which the seed was obtained. Also, until harvest, the plants and fruits of all treatments showed the typical colour of variety.

Sustainable fertilization using local resources like manure is crucial for soil health. This study evaluated the potential of guinea pig manure to replace mineral fertilizers in hard yellow maize (hybrid INIA 619) under Peruvian coastal conditions. A split-plot design tested four doses of guinea pig manure (0, 2, 5, 10 t⋅ha⁻¹) and four levels of mineral fertilization (0%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The study assessed plant height, ear characteristics, yield, and nutritional quality parameters. The results indicated that 100% mineral fertilization led to the highest plant height (229.67 cm) and grain weight (141.8 g). Yields of 9.19 and 9.08 t⋅ha⁻¹ were achieved with 5 and 10 t⋅ha⁻¹ of manure, while 50% mineral fertilization gave 8.8 t⋅ha⁻¹, similar to the full dose (8.7 t⋅ha⁻¹). Protein content was highest with 10 t⋅ha⁻¹ of manure combined with mineral fertilization. However, no significant differences were found between the 50%, 75%, and 100% mineral fertilizer doses. In conclusion, applying guinea pig manure improved nutrient use efficiency, yield, and grain protein quality in maize, reducing the need for mineral fertilizers by up to 50%. This provides a sustainable fertilization strategy for agricultural systems.