Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a necessary practice in implantology. Absorbable membranes have shown advantages over non-absorbable membranes, such as blood support of bone tissue. This study aimed to evaluate five collagen membranes in rat calvaria critical-size defects through a histomorphometric analysis of the inflammatory profile during the initial phase of bone repair. Materials and methods: A total of 72 Albinus Wistar rats were used for the study, divided into six groups, with 12 animals per group, and two experimental periods, 7 and 15 days. The groups were as follows: the CG (clot), BG (Bio-Gide^®), JS (Jason^®), CS (Collprotect^®), GD (GemDerm^®), and GDF (GemDerm Flex^®). Results: Data showed that the BG group demonstrated an inflammatory profile with an ideal number of inflammatory cells and blood vessels, indicating a statistically significant difference between the JS and CS groups and the BG group in terms of the number of inflammatory cells and a statistically significant difference between the JS and CS groups and the GD group in terms of angiogenesis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that different origins and ways of obtaining them, as well as the thickness of the membrane, can interfere with the biological response of the material.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) remains a challenging complication associated with antiresorptive therapy, highlighting the need for effective adjunctive preventive strategies. This study evaluated the effects of systemic ozone therapy, alone or combined with topical 10% metronidazole paste or 2% chlorhexidine gel, on alveolar repair in a zoledronate-induced rat model of MRONJ. Forty-two ovariectomized female Wistar rats were allocated into seven experimental groups. Following mandibular first molar extraction, animals received systemic ozone therapy and/or topical antimicrobial treatment according to the experimental protocol. Clinical, histomorphometric, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Picrosirius Red, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Zoledronate treatment markedly impaired alveolar repair, resulting in reduced new bone formation, increased non-vital bone, epithelial disorganization, and unfavorable bone microarchitecture. Systemic ozone therapy significantly increased new bone formation and improved bone microstructural parameters compared with untreated zoledronate animals. Ozone-treated groups also exhibited more organized collagen fibers and increased VEGF and osteocalcin immunostaining. Topical metronidazole and chlorhexidine were associated with favorable tissue repair findings, while combined therapies showed more favorable outcomes than zoledronate treatment alone. These findings suggest that systemic ozone therapy, particularly when associated with topical antimicrobial treatments, improves alveolar repair and represents a promising adjunctive strategy for preventing MRONJ.

Introduction Mandibular third molar surgery may cause postoperative pain and neurosensory disturbances. The choice of local anesthetic may influence these outcomes. Objective To compare postoperative pain intensity and the occurrence of paresthesia following mandibular third molar surgery using 4% articaine or 2% mepivacaine as local anesthetics. Material and method A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted with 30 healthy patients undergoing bilateral mandibular third molar extractions. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon. According to a randomized sequence, each patient received 2% mepivacaine on one side and 4% articaine on the contralateral side. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours using a validated pain scale. Paresthesia was evaluated through patient questionnaires and neurosensory testing at 7 and 30 days after surgery. Result No cases of persistent paresthesia were observed in either group. Pain intensity did not differ significantly between anesthetic solutions at 6 or 12 hours postoperatively. However, at 24 hours, patients receiving mepivacaine reported significantly higher pain scores than those receiving articaine (p < 0.05). Both anesthetics provided adequate intraoperative anesthesia. Conclusion Both anesthetic solutions were safe and effective for mandibular third molar surgery. However, 4% articaine provided superior postoperative analgesia at 24 hours without increasing the risk of persistent paresthesia.

Objective: To compare postoperative pain intensity and the occurrence of paresthesia following mandibular third molar surgery using 4% articaine or 2% mepivacaine as local anesthetics. Material and method: A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted with 30 healthy patients undergoing bilateral mandibular third molar extractions. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon. According to a randomized sequence, each patient received 2% mepivacaine on one side and 4% articaine on the contralateral side. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours using a validated pain scale. Paresthesia was evaluated through patient questionnaires and neurosensory testing at 7 and 30 days after surgery. Result: No cases of persistent paresthesia were observed in either group. Pain intensity did not differ significantly between anesthetic solutions at 6 or 12 hours postoperatively. However, at 24 hours, patients receiving mepivacaine reported significantly higher pain scores than those receiving articaine (p < 0.05). Both anesthetics provided adequate intraoperative anesthesia. Conclusion: Both anesthetic solutions were safe and effective for mandibular third molar surgery. However, 4% articaine provided superior postoperative analgesia at 24 hours without increasing the risk of persistent paresthesia.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a critical strategy for repairing large bone defects. This study aimed to assess the osteopromotive potential of a porcine cross-linked collagen membrane in critical calvaria-defects in rats. Seventy-two rats were divided into three groups: blood clot (CG - negative control), Bio-Gide® membrane (BG - positive control), and Ossix Plus® membrane (OSX - test). The defects were covered according to each group, and the experimental times were 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The collected samples were evaluated by histometric analysis, inflammatory profile, immunohistochemistry, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). At 7 days, no significant differences in bone neoformation were observed. At 15 days, the OSX group showed increased new bone formation compared to CG (p = 0.031). At 30 days, the BG group exhibited the most significant increase compared to both OSX (p < 0.001) and CG (p < 0.001). At 60 days, OSX demonstrated the highest osteopromotive potential, significantly outperforming CG (p < 0.001) and BG (p < 0.001). MicroCT analysis revealed that the OSX group had a bone volume (BV) of 17.33 ± 1.74 mm3, significantly higher than BG (8.06 ± 1.26 mm3, p < 0.05). The cross-linked collagen membrane was biologically more favorable for bone regeneration being a promising option for GBR procedures.

The aim of the study was to compare tissue repair of incisions made using different microdissection electrocautery tips in an in vivo animal model. Skin incisions were made, including the subcutaneous tissue, in 30 adult Wistar rats using four types of instruments: a scalpel blade number 15, knife-type electrocautery, microdissection needle, and thin-cut electrode. The animals were divided into five groups based on the euthanasia time—24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, and 14 days. Each animal received four incisions, one with each type of instrument. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Picrosirius red stains. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the type of dissector had no significant effect on type I collagen levels (p = 0.615), whereas the euthanasia time had a significant influence (p < 0.001). Estimated marginal means for type I collagen showed minimal variation among groups, ranging from 35.4% to 36.5%, suggesting limited clinical differences between instruments. These results indicate that while the choice of dissector has a limited impact on type I collagen deposition, time is a determining factor in the wound healing process. The thin-cut electrode enables incisions with tissue repair comparable to that of a number 15 scalpel, as it performs cutting, coagulation, and blending functions at lower temperatures.