Anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti‐GAD) are associated with various neurologic condition; but no meningitis has been reported with it, so far. Evidence demonstrates the associated of autoimmune meningoencephalitis with COVID‐19 infection. Here, we report a 44‐year‐old female with progressive loss of consciousness with anti‐GAD65 meningoencephalitis 1 month after COVID‐19 infection.

APCA is characterized as a sudden loss of coordination of muscle movements due to an infection and is the most frequent form of acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA), a common neurological disease in children. We attempt to underline that acute post‐infectious cerebellar ataxia (APCA) can be a post‐COVID complication in children.

Neurotuberculosis is a potentially fatal disease that can present with upper or lower motor neuron symptoms. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesions of the spinal cord extending to three or more vertebral segments. The causes of LETM include infections, neoplasm, and autoimmune diseases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare cause of transverse myelitis. Here, we report a 21-year-old Afghan female who was referred with chronic progressive quadriparesis and showed LETM on cervical MRI. This report indicates that tuberculosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of LETM, especially in endemic areas.

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase(Anti-GAD) are associated with various neurologic condition; but, no meningitis has been reported with it, so far. Evidence demonstrates the associated of autoimmune meningoencephalitis with Covid-19 infection. Here we report a 44-year-old female with progressive loss of consciousness with anti-GAD65 meningoencephalitis after Covid-19 infection.

Olfactory dysfunction is observed in over 95% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examines the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) and olfactory impairment in a cohort of 182 subjects, including PD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Using the Iran Smell Identification Test, which is a standardized 24-item olfactory identification assessment, to evaluate the olfactory performance, PD patients were divided into two groups (scores ranging from 0 to 18 indicate olfactory dysfunction, while scores from 19 to 24 indicate normal olfaction): those with normal smell (PD-NS, n = 23) and those with smell disorders (PD-SD, n = 69). Differences in GMV were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26. The results revealed that the PD-NS group exhibited reduced GMV in the right thalamus and the left parahippocampal gyrus compared to the HCs. Furthermore, the HC group demonstrated no statistically significant olfactory dysfunction. In contrast, the PD-SD group showed significant decreases in GMV in the right entorhinal cortex and both the right and left hippocampus compared to both the HC and PD-NS groups. These findings indicate that PD patients experience more severe olfactory dysfunction in hippocampal regions than the HC group, likely attributed to the initial pathological loss of gray matter in both the right and left hippocampus.

Chronic small vessel ischemia (CSVI) is recognized as a significant factor in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study investigated the relationship between the CSVI in PD patients with and without freezing of gait (FOG). Fifty-eight PD patients without FOG and 25 patients with FOG were enrolled in the study. The assessment of the CSVI was conducted through the Fazekas scale. The results of the Fazekas scale indicated no significant correlation among PD patients in terms of age, sex, and disease duration. In contrast, the findings for patients with FOG revealed a statistically significant correlation. Specifically, as the severity of FOG increased, the scores for CSVI decreased. Conversely, patients with lower FOG severity presented higher scores on the Fazekas scale. An increase in the CSVI among PD patients without FOG was not associated with age, sex, or disease duration. Furthermore, we concluded that the increase in CSVI is not correlated with the high intensity of FOG in these patients.