Sustainable building design is significantly impacted by the local climate response knowledge ingrained in traditional architecture. However, its integration and dissemination with contemporary green technologies are limited by the absence of a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the regulation of its humid and temperature environment. The Ganzhou Wei family compound from China’s wind–heat environmental regulation systems are examined in this study. We statistically evaluate the synergy between spatial morphology, material qualities, and microclimate using field data with Thsware and Ecotect software in a multiscale simulation framework. The findings indicate that the compound’s special design greatly controls the thermal and wind conditions. Cold alleyways and courtyards work together to maximize thermal environment regulation and encourage natural ventilation. According to quantitative studies, courtyards with particular depths (1–4 m) and height-to-width ratios (e.g., 1:1) reduce wind speed loss. A cool alley (5:1 height–width ratio) creates a dynamic wind–speed–temperature–humidity balance by lowering summer daytime temperatures by 2.5 °C. It also serves as a “cold source area” that moderates temperatures in the surrounding area by up to 2.1 °C. This study suggests a quantitative correlation model based on “spatial morphology–material performance–microclimate response,” which offers a technical route for historic building conservation renovation and green renewal, as well as a scientific foundation for traditional buildings to maintain thermal comfort under low energy consumption. Although based on a specific geographical case, the innovative analytical methods and strategies of this study are of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting the modernization and transformation of traditional architecture, low-carbon city construction, and sustainable building design.

Primary school teaching buildings represent a typical category of densely populated public architecture, where the safe evacuation of occupants is essential to ensuring their safety. The spatial organizational structure plays a pivotal role in determining overall evacuation efficiency. However, systematic research linking spatial organization with evacuation performance remains limited. This study addresses this gap by analyzing 102 real-world cases of primary school teaching buildings, identifying common spatial organizational patterns, and developing a spatial structural framework based on fundamental units and their organizational relationships. A hybrid methodology integrating weighted network analysis and evacuation simulation is employed to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between spatial organization types and evacuation performance, ultimately proposing three design principles—Integrity, Balance, and Stability—to guide evacuation efficiency optimization. The findings provide a methodological reference for evacuation research in public buildings and offer practical design guidance for optimizing primary school facility layouts.

Vernacular settlements in hot–humid regions preserve climate-responsive spatial knowledge, yet evidence on how linked outdoor, transitional, and indoor spaces jointly shape microclimate and thermal comfort remains limited. This study investigates a compact Hakka settlement in southern Jiangxi, China, by integrating field measurements, calibrated simulation, PET-based thermal-comfort assessment, and parametric scenario comparison to examine microclimatic differentiation across cold alleys, patios, halls, semi-open interfaces, and interior rooms. The results reveal clear microclimatic gradients across the linked vernacular spatial sequence. During the summer afternoon peak, cold alleys reduced air temperature by approximately 2.5 °C and PET by approximately 8.5 °C relative to ordinary streets, while semi-enclosed spaces adjacent to patios reduced air temperature by approximately 4.0 °C but increased relative humidity by 8–12%, indicating a cooling–moisture trade-off. Measured and simulated air temperature and wind speed showed satisfactory agreement and reproduced the main thermal and ventilation hierarchy across the connected spaces. Parametric comparison further identified case-based geometry-performance tendencies under the tested boundary conditions: within the tested cold-alley scenarios, widths of approximately 0.8–1.4 m combined with an H/W ratio close to 3:1 showed relatively favorable airflow-temperature performance in terms of shading continuity, moderated airflow, and reduced summer thermal exposure. The findings suggest that thermal comfort in compact hot–humid vernacular settlements depends on radiant-load reduction, moderated ventilation, and thermal buffering rather than on ventilation enhancement alone. Beyond the case-specific evidence, this study contributes a sequence-based, locally calibratable approach for preliminary retrofit appraisal in comparable compact hot–humid vernacular settlements.