Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disease with increasing incidence, poor prognosis, and unclear pathogenesis. Our previous research demonstrated the beneficial effects of the natural cyclopeptide Heterophyllin B (HB) in PF. However, the precise mechanism by which HB exerts its effects in PF remains unclear. Our study revealed HB's beneficial effects in alleviating PF symptoms and restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier. Subsequently, the microbiota-dependent antifibrotic efficacy of HB was verified using various delivery routes, antibiotic treatments, and faecal microbiota transplantation. Functionally, 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and co-incubation experiments revealed that the antifibrotic efficacy of HB was primarily contingent on the enrichment of Muribaculum intestinale and its metabolite, 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Mechanistically, indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-mediated ferroptosis was identified as a pivotal process in initiating PF, and the anti-fibrotic efficacy of HB relies on suppressing IDO1-mediated ferroptosis. Conversely, IDO1 deficiency alleviated the symptoms of bleomycin-induced PF and ferroptosis in mice. Coincidentally, both IDO1 overexpression and ferroptosis were observed in the pulmonary tissue of patients with idiopathic PF. Collectively, this study revealed that HB alleviates PF by eliminating intestinal microecology and metabolism and highlights the feasibility of targeting IDO1 for PF treatment.

Two‐dimensional (2D) crystals of rabbit C‐reactive protein (CRP) have been obtained by protein binding on lipid monolayers at the air/water interface. Two different types of crystalline arrays of CRP were obtained, by specific binding and non‐specific adsorption to the lipids. Electron crystallographic analysis of the negatively stained specimens showed that the unit cell parameters of the CRP 2D crystals formed by specific binding were , and those formed by non‐specific adsorption were , both with the layer group p1. Projection maps were obtained at a resolution of 26 Å and 22 Å respectively. They showed that only the monomers of the CRP were packed in the 2D arrays and the orientations of the monomers on the lipid monolayers were different in the two types of crystals. By comparing the two projection maps, a preliminary shape of the CRP monomer has been derived. A model of the pentameric structure of the oligomeric CRP has been proposed.

Background: To systematically review the impact of remote health interventions based on an internet or mobile communication network on patients with hypertension and to provide a theoretical basis for hypertension patients with the implementation of remote health interventions. Methods: Data were retrieved from a total of 4 Chinese databases and 3 foreign databases. The Chinese databases included: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, Chinese Biomedical Database (SinoMed), and Chongqing Chinese Science and Technology Journey database (VIP). The foreign language databases included PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and EMbase, and the date range for the search was from the date the database became active to December 1^st, 2018. After screening and extracting the materials and evaluating the risk of bias in each study (conducted by 2 researchers), the quality of the selected literature was evaluated by Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014, and the statistical analysis was applied by Stata 12.0 software. Result: This study will provide high-quality evidence-based medicine research evidence for remote health interventions on hypertensive patients based on the Internet and mobile communication network using systematic evaluation and meta-analysis methods. Conclusion: This systematic review will provide a scientific conclusion as to whether the remote health intervention model based on an internet or mobile communication network can better control blood pressure and improve patient compliance than the traditional nursing intervention model for hypertensive patients. Ethics and dissemination: This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials does not require ethical approval and the results of this paper will be published in an open form in internationally influential academic journals. Protocol and registration: A protocol had been registered in PROSPERO CRD42019122404.

Indium phosphide (InP) is an excellent material used in space electronic devices due to its direct band gap, high electron mobility, and high radiation resistance. Displacement damage in InP, such as vacancies, interstitials, and clusters, induced by cosmic particles can lead to the serious degradation of InP devices. In this work, the analytical bond order potential of InP is modified with the short-range repulsive potential, and the hybrid potential is verified for its reliability to simulate the atomic cascade collisions. By using molecular dynamics simulations with the modified potential, the primary damage defects evolution of InP caused by 1–10 keV primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) are studied. The effects of electronic energy loss are also considered in our research. The results show that the addition of electronic stopping loss reduces the number of point defects and weakens the damage regions. The reduction rates of point defects caused by electronic energy loss at the stable state are 32.2% and 27.4% for 10 keV In-PKA and P-PKA, respectively. In addition, the effects of electronic energy loss can lead to an extreme decline in the number of medium clusters, cause large clusters to vanish, and make the small clusters dominant damage products in InP. These findings are helpful to explain the radiation-induced damage mechanism of InP and expand the application of InP devices.

Swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation has long been used to evaluate the performance of radiation-hard semiconductor devices. However, the in-depth insight into its microscopic processes and damage evolution remains unclear. In this work, the ultrafast microscopic processes within femtosecond timescales under SHI irradiation of four typical semiconductor materials (Si, 4H-SiC, GaN, β-Ga2O3) are investigated by the coupling ab initio and two-temperature model (TTM) methods. The ab initio method is utilized to systematically calculate the temperature-dependent electronic thermodynamic parameters of four semiconductor materials and then incorporated into the TTM to reveal the significance of the intrinsic thermodynamic properties on thermal spike evolution under SHI irradiation. The results demonstrate that stronger electron–phonon coupling accelerates femtosecond thermal processes and promotes more efficient energy transfer from the electronic to lattice subsystems. Lower thermal conductivity suppresses energy diffusion within subsystems, leading to more pronounced energy spikes. These energy spikes induced by the SHI produce instantaneous molten zones where radius variations are correlated with the material melting threshold energy. Under 430 MeV Kr ion irradiation, instantaneous molten zones with radii of 4.64 and 5.70 nm are formed within femtoseconds in GaN and β-Ga2O3, respectively, while no melting occurs in Si or SiC. This work provides essential data for understanding the behavior and microscopic damage processes of semiconductor materials under extreme irradiation conditions.