The development and utilization of urban underground space represents a crucial strategy for achieving sustainable urban development. Three-dimensional (3D) geological models provide a data foundation and technical support for research in urban planning and construction, as well as the prevention and control of environmental geological issues. However, current urban 3D geological modeling generally faces the challenge of multi-source heterogeneous modeling data. This often necessitates varying degrees of generalization in data processing, resulting in the majority of current urban 3D geological models being relatively coarse and insufficient to fulfill the demand for detailed geological information in contemporary urban development and management. Therefore, determining how to formulate or optimize the 3D geological modeling schemes to enhance the utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data is a key challenge in current urban 3D geological modeling. This study, taking the 3D geological structure modeling of Wuhan’s metropolitan development area (MDA) as an example, develops an automated scheme for standardizing modeling data based on multi-scale geological chronostratigraphy. By utilizing the standardized stratigraphy as a unified and independent geological framework for layered modeling, a high-precision 3D geological model of Wuhan’s MDA, characterized by large-scale and ultra-complex geological conditions, is constructed through a methodology that integrates the global discrete constrained points modeling approach with the global layered modeling approach, without generalizing the multi-source heterogeneous modeling data. This research not only holds significant practical implications for the prevention and control of comprehensive urban geological issues in Wuhan but also provides novel technical insights into the methodology of 3D urban geological modeling.

This paper evaluates the carbon dioxide sequestration potential in the saline aquifers of the South Qiongdongnan–Yinggehai Basin. By using a hierarchical evaluation method, the assessment is divided into five stages: the basin level, the zone level, the target level, the site level, and the injection level. The study primarily focuses on evaluating the sequestration potential of and identifying favorable zones of saline aquifers at the basin and zone levels. The optimized volumetric method is adopted, based on the integration of multi-source data such as regional geological maps, seismic data, core porosity, and permeability. The results show that the estimated potential of the Yinggehai Basin is 60.6 billion tons at the basin level and 54.6 billion tons at the zone level. Additionally, the estimated potential of the South Qiongdongnan Basin is 261.5 billion tons at the basin level and 234.8 billion tons at the zone level. The suitability evaluation indicates that the Yinggehai Basin is moderately suitable overall, the northern depression of the South Qiongdongnan Basin is suitable, the central uplift is moderately suitable, and the central depression is not suitable. This study provides a scientific foundation for carbon dioxide sequestration in marine basins and introduces novel ideas and methods for future similar research. This is highly significant for subsequent engineering applications and decision-making processes.

High-resolution marine sedimentary archives from active continental margins provide exceptional records of paleo-earthquake histories through the preservation of seismogenic turbidites. A 477cm long gravity core (HOBAB4-S2) retrieved from the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) off eastern Taiwan at a water depth of 1505 m preserves a ~700-year record (1445–2003 AD) of alternating hemipelagic background sedimentation and rapid event deposits. Chronological control is established through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS ¹⁴C) radiocarbon dating and excess ²¹⁰Pb profiling. Detailed sedimentological and geochemical analyses identify fifteen turbidite events (T1–T15), which are grouped into three lithofacies: TI (silt turbidites), TII (sandy silt turbidites), and TIII (silty sand turbidites). Temporal correlation demonstrates that the majority of these turbidite beds coincide with documented historical and instrumental earthquakes (M_w ≥ 6.6), confirming seismic shaking as the primary triggering mechanism. Notably, turbidite thickness, basal grain size and recurrence frequency increase during the Little Ice Age (LIA, ~1400–1850 AD), a pattern we attribute to enhanced terrestrial sediment supply driven by intensified typhoon activity, which preconditioned the slope system for seismically induced failure. These findings demonstrate that turbidite sequences in the SOT provide a reliable record of local paleo-earthquake activity, while establishing that their stratigraphic expression is modulated by climatically driven sedimentary preconditioning. This principle is critical to paleoseismic reconstruction in seismically active, storm-prone continental margins globally.