This article focuses on the architectural characteristics of a household compound in Cardonal, an early agricultural village located in the southern Cajón Valley (Catamarca, north-western Argentina) dated to the first centuries ad. When architecture, as landscape, is understood as the result of the daily tasks of living, the research carried out in Cardonal gives substance to the ways in which the materiality of everyday life forged the building of this prehistoric village. Cardonal is an example of how houses and architecture are not static but fluidly changing with the contingencies of life.

The circulation and exchange of goods and resources at various scales have long been considered central to the understanding of complex societies, and the Andes have provided a fertile ground for investigating this process. However, long-standing archaeological emphasis on typological analysis, although helpful to hypothesize the direction of contacts, has left important aspects of ancient exchange open to speculation. To improve understanding of ancient exchange practices and their potential role in structuring alliances, we examine material exchanges in northwest Argentina (part of the south-central Andes) during 400 BC to AD 1000 (part of the regional Formative Period), with a multianalytical approach (petrography, instrumental neutron activation analysis, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) to artifacts previously studied separately. We assess the standard centralized model of interaction vs. a decentralized model through the largest provenance database available to date in the region. The results show: (i) intervalley heterogeneity of clays and fabrics for ordinary wares; (ii) intervalley homogeneity of clays and fabrics for a wide range of decorated wares (e.g., painted Ciénaga); (iii) selective circulation of two distinct polychrome wares (Vaquerías and Condorhuasi); (iv) generalized access to obsidian from one major source and various minor sources; and (v) selective circulation of volcanic rock tools from a single source. These trends reflect the multiple and conflicting demands experienced by people in small-scale societies, which may be difficult to capitalize by aspiring elites. The study undermines centralized narratives of exchange for this period, offering a new platform for understanding ancient exchange based on actual material transfers, both in the Andes and beyond.

We report comprehensive rock-magnetic and archaeointensity investigations from 21 well-constrained pottery fragments from the Catamarca province of northwest Argentina. The absolute ages of the studied sites are ascertained by several high-quality radiometric ages and range between 1940 to 1140¹⁴C yr BP. Magnetic mineralogy experiments indicates that the remanence is carried by thermally stable Ti-poor titanomagnetites. Forty-seven samples belonging to 11 out of 98 studied potsherds yielded reliable absolute intensity determinations judging from the quality parameters associated with the Thellier double-heating experiments. Moreover, we analyzed the available absolute geomagnetic intensities associated with the radiometric ages to construct the first intensity paleosecular variation curve (PSVC) for South America using thermoremanent magnetization carried by burned archaeological artifacts obtained in the present investigation and 79 other selected archaeointensities (out of 213 published in the literature). The dataset is used to build the PSVC reference curve by combined bootstrap and temporal P-spline methods. The variation curve shows significant differences with the global prediction model SHA.DIF.14k mainly based on the GEOMAGIA database. This intensity PSVC curve shows reasonably good agreement with paleosecular variation curves for Europe between 850 through 1150 BC and for Asia between 1000 and 1500 BC. This regional curve may be used as most reliable archaeomagnetic dating tool for the major part of South America (Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia) for the last two millennia.

En este artículo presentamos una máscara del noroeste de Argentina que es uno de los objetos de cobre más antiguos de la región andina. Damos a conocer sus particulares condiciones de hallazgo y los fechados radiocarbónicos asociados. Informamos también los resultados de los análisis arqueometalúrgicos efectuados sobre ella. Este hallazgo se enmarca en el contexto de las evidencias tempranas de metalurgia de cobre en el área andina. Debido a que se trata del único caso conocido en la literatura especializada de una máscara de cobre tan antigua, la comparamos con ejemplares de máscaras arqueológicas confeccionadas en otros materiales del Noroeste Argentino.

Bajo el rótulo 'Vaquerías' se conoce la primera cerámica polícroma del Noroeste Argentino, ampliamente dispersa pero siempre exigua y tradicionalmente definida como un bien de alto valor simbólico. Se presentan en esta oportunidad los resultados del análisis tecnológico-estilístico sobre los materiales 'Vaquerías' procedentes de los sitios Cardonal y Bordo Marcial (Catamarca, Argentina) y se evalúa su presencia dentro de un contexto doméstico aldeano del 100 DC. Esta nueva evidencia, resultado de los estudios arqueométricos integrados al análisis del diseño, ha permitido ampliar el conocimiento de los objetos 'Vaquerías' y evaluar la producción, circulación y consumo de estos bienes como prácticas sociales significativas.