Severe obesity is closely associated with an increased risk of comorbidities and alterations in cardiac structure and function. The primary objective of this study was to investigate cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and ventricular remodeling in individuals from an obese population eligible for bariatric surgery. The secondary objective was to evaluate changes in anthropometric, clinical laboratory, and echocardiographic measurements 12 weeks after surgery compared to baseline values. This retrospective observational cohort study involved patients from a single specialized bariatric surgery center. A total of 35 patients were included (mean age 41.5 ± 10.3 years; BMI 43.4 ± 6.6 kg/m²), of whom 34.2% had a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), 5.7% had a prior history of CAD, 8 had essential hypertension, 11.4% had dyslipidemia, 20% were smokers, and 8.6% were former smokers. Approximately 57% of the patients exhibited concentric left ventricular remodeling, and 14% had grade I diastolic dysfunction. At 12 weeks post-surgery, with an average weight loss of 25 kg and a mean BMI reduction of 8.5 kg/m², 14% of the patients still exhibited concentric left ventricular remodeling, and about 11% had grade I diastolic dysfunction. Bariatric surgery contributes to the improvement of cardiac function and structure over time as a result of significant weight loss.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a frequent comorbidity among severely obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery evaluation. This study aimed to investigate clinical and demographic associated factors of T2DM to support improved preoperative risk stratification and guide preventive strategies. We performed a retrospective analysis of 734 patients assessed for bariatric surgery. Associations between T2DM and age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated using logistic regression and Fisher's exact tests. The cohort had a mean age of 39 years (SD = 11.5) and mean BMI of 41.92 kg/m² (SD = 5.16). T2DM prevalence was 9.5 %. Hypertension (p = 0.0098; OR = 2.344), dyslipidemia (p = 0.0009; OR = 2.467), and smoking (p = 0.00097; OR = 2.367) were significantly associated with T2DM, whereas gender showed no association (p = 0.4818). Multivariate logistic regression refined by Akaike Information Criterion identified age (OR = 1.0245), hypertension (OR = 1.9083), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.0851), and smoking (OR = 2.259) as independent predictors. The model showed excellent sensitivity (0.98) and high negative predictive value (0.987) but low specificity (0.116), supporting its utility for ruling out T2DM among low-risk individuals. T2DM in severe obesity is driven by multiple factors, including age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. These findings highlight modifiable risk factors that may serve as targets for early intervention. Incorporating comprehensive risk stratification into preoperative assessment may improve clinical decision-making and preventive strategies in high-risk obese populations.