Transmission towers are an important component of the electric system, and their tall structural characteristics make them susceptible to failure under strong winds. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the wind resistance of the transmission tower structures. This paper uses the finite element method to investigate the influence of a fixture-type reinforcement device (FRD) on the load-bearing performance of the transmission tower structure and explores the effects of different numbers of fixture pairs on the reinforcement. Based on this, the paper further analyzes the stress characteristics and failure modes of a typical tower structure under wind loads in two directions and investigates the influence of different reinforcement lengths on the wind resistance performance of the tower structure. The research results indicate that the FRD can effectively improve the deformation mode and failure characteristics of steel components under axial load. At the same time, using the FRD can effectively reduce the deformation of tower structures under strong wind, and only reinforcing three angled steel components can reduce the tower top displacement by about 55% and more.

Galloping of iced transmission lines under complex microclimates poses a severe threat to power grid security, whereas traditional full-span de-icing strategies suffer from excessive energy redundancy and limited spatial precision. To address the spatial uncertainty of actual ice accretion, a three-dimensional nonlinear aeroelastic finite element model is established by considering geometric nonlinearity and eccentric ice-induced added stiffness. A state-space Monte Carlo framework is then used to evaluate the galloping probability under different wind speed regimes and spatially non-uniform ice distributions. The results reveal a distinct non-monotonic instability characteristic: the galloping probability decreases to 33.0% at 8.0 m/s, forming a clear probability trough and indicating an aerodynamic self-stabilization effect associated with the shift in the baseline effective angle of attack. To map spatial ice heterogeneity to global dynamic instability, a galloping sensitivity index (GSI) based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is proposed to identify the dominant sensitive sections responsible for inducing galloping-prone responses. Based on this index, a GSI-guided targeted ultrasonic de-icing decision strategy is constructed. Under the assumption of identical rated power for each section, the proposed strategy activates only 40% of the physical sections and reduces the number of activated sections, as well as the associated operational energy demand, by 60% compared with the full-span de-icing strategy. This framework provides a quantitative basis for linking stochastic ice distribution, galloping probability evaluation, and energy-efficient targeted de-icing decisions.