Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are common causes of readmission after spine surgery; however, not all postoperative wound issues are SSIs. This study introduces the concept of “Wound Healing Problem (WHP)” as a distinct condition. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 patients who underwent spinal fusion surgery between 2017 and 2018. Although these patients were discharged in good health, they presented with wound‐related problems an average of 11 days post‐surgery. Initial assessments suggested SSIs, but further evaluation indicated a separate pathology: WHP. WHP was observed an average of 10.62 ± 1.81 days after surgery, with significant variations in recovery times among patients. While WHP differs from SSIs, it is commonly managed with initial SSI protocols. This article aims to introduce WHP as a new concept, setting a foundation for further studies.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large endogenous, non-coding RNA class of 19-25 nucleotides. Mature miRNAs regulate target gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. As a current area of interest in molecular diagnostic research, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been shown to be effective circulatory biomarkers for many diseases. Major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Obsessive compulsive disorder, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are among the most common psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders known to be a serious public health problem in terms of morbidity, mortality and functional handicap. MicroRNAs are aware of the events occurring in the cell as normal mechanical, physical and biochemical functions due to many psychiatric and other medical diseases, and are very promising as a biomarker for emerging disorders and neuropathological changes.

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study. Objective: To investigate the relationship between pedicle Hounsfield Unit (HU) values and transpedicular screw malposition in scoliosis surgery and to determine a predictive HU threshold for malposition risk. Methods: Patients who underwent free transpedicular screw fixation for idiopathic or degenerative scoliosis between 2011 and 2024 and had both preoperative and early postoperative spinal computed tomography (CT) scans available were retrospectively reviewed. Screw malposition was identified on postoperative CT, and pedicle HU values and the widths of malpositioned screws were measured on the corresponding preoperative CT images and compared with contralateral and control pedicles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine a predictive HU threshold for screw malposition. Results: The study included 121 patients. Mean HU values were significantly higher in malpositioned pedicles compared to controls in both the idiopathic (692 vs 299.5; P < 0.001) and degenerative scoliosis (343.5 vs 250; P < 0.001) groups. ROC analysis determined the HU cut-off value to be 479 and above to predict screw malposition (AUC = 0.796; 95% CI: 0.717-0.876; sensitivity 73.6%, specificity 79.6%). The location of screw malposition according to the convex and concave sides, and the location above and below the apex did not show any significant differences. Conclusion: Higher pedicle HU values are significantly associated with screw malposition in scoliosis surgery. A HU threshold of 479 may help identify pedicles at increased risk of malposition during free screw placement in both idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. Preoperative pedicle HU assessment may contribute to surgical planning and risk reduction strategies.

Introduction Group A ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) are the most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis, and can cause noninvasive diseases such as pharyngitis and impetigo, as well as more severe invasive diseases. The incidence of invasive disease is 1-3/100,000 per year, and the morbidity and mortality rate is high. GABHS is rarely lead to brain abscesses. Case Report Acute phase reactants were found to be high in a 40-day-old patient who presented with fever, irritability and focal seizures. Acute phase reactants were high. Transfontanel ultrasonography showed increased thickness, echo and blood supply in the meninges. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion MRI revealed a thick-walled abscess in the right cerebral hemisphere and parietooccipital parenchyma with diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted images. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test revealed S. pyogenes,and S. pyogenes grown in CSF culture. Initially, meropenem, vancomycin, metronidazole antibiotherapy was applied. Treatment was revised to cefotaxime and vancomycin after culture antibiogram and was completed for 8 weeks. Seizures regressed. Control brain imaging showed improvement. Restriction in left lower extremity movements remained. Physical therapy and rehabilitation was recommended and he was discharged. Conclusion GABHS, which is the causative agent of acute tonsillitis, rarely causes invasive disease which has high mortality and morbidity.

Objective: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) stands out as an important option in the treatment of hydrocephalus without shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become more popular due to recent technical developments in endoscopic systems. But the urge of the physician, to provide a shuntfree survival for his patients, leads to performing the procedure in a unsuitable group of patients. Compared with shunt surgery, ETV presents a more physiological solution for the treatment of hydrocephalus. ETV is accepted as the first-line treatment method in many centers in appropriate cases in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. The aim of this study is to examine the results of patients under the age of two underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Methods: 79 patients who underwent ETV between 2011 and 2020 in our clinic and who were under 2 years of age at the time of operation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 45 of 79 patients were male babies and 34 were female babies. The average age of the patients is 7 months (1 day - 22 months). In 39 (49.3%) patients, there was no need for repeat surgery in their follow-up after ETV. ETV procedure was repeated in 5 (6.3%) patients, and ventriluloperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery was performed in 2 (2.5%) patients. In 13 patients, ventriculoperitoneal shunt was applied from the anterior and presented with shunt dysfunction. VPS surgery was not performed again after ETV in 3 (23%) of 13 patients after ETV. Conclusions: ETV can also be applied to patients younger than two years of age, and this treatment can give patients the chance to live a life independent of shunt.