Background/Objectives: Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) have a pro-inflammatory effect and increase oxidative stress, potentially leading to cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between dAGEs consumption and risk and mortality from overall cancer and according to its site. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2025. The search strategy was conducted according to the PECO structure adapted to this study, as well as the inclusion criteria, in which the population (P) was the adult population, the exposure (E) was the highest level of dAGEs intake, the comparator (C) was the lowest level of dAGEs intake, and the outcomes (O) were the overall cancer risk, cancer risk by site, and cancer mortality. Results across studies were summarised using random effects and fixed effects. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review. In the random-effects meta-analysis, high dAGEs intake was associated with Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.99 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.98, 1.00] for overall cancer risk. However, although there was no association with breast cancer (BC), there was an association with invasive BC, with HR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.23). In contrast, in other tumours, there were opposite results depending on the site of the cancer. Conclusions: The reduction in cancer risk is not clinically significant. However, high consumption of dAGEs may increase the risk of BC, particularly the invasive BC, which is a challenge for cancer prevention and subsequent mortality. Due to the limited evidence, further studies are needed to confirm the potential impact of dAGEs, as well as other dietary factors that may play a larger role in cancer development.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been suggested as an adjunct therapy for endocrine and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to synthesise the evidence for the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on lipid and/or glycaemic alterations, including total cholesterol (TC), LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), lipoprotein a, fasting blood glucose (FBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from their inception to July 2024. Meta-analyses that evaluated the effect of CoQ10 on the lipid or glycaemic profiles were included. Results were expressed as mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD). CoQ10 showed an effect on the glycaemic profile, especially on FBG (MD from −11.21 to −5.2 mg/dL, SMD from −2.04 to −0.17) and on HbA1c (MD from −1.83 to −0.12%, SMD of −0.30). CoQ10 may also have an effect on the lipid profile, such as TC, triglycerides, HDL-C and even LDL-C, although the inconsistency of the results was somewhat higher. Supplementation with CoQ10 may be beneficial, especially in populations with diabetes mellitus or other endocrine and metabolic disorders. It could also have some effect on lipid parameters, which, together with the above, may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although this is something that needs further research.

Objective: This study aimed to summarize and pool real‐world evidence on the clinical effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab. Background: Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder. Several drugs that target calcitonin gene‐related peptide, such as galcanezumab, have recently been developed. However, real‐world effects have not been well studied. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to February 2025. Studies that estimated the real‐world effects of galcanezumab on monthly migraine days (MMDs), monthly headache days (MHDs), Headache Impact Test, Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, number of days in medication, acute monthly intake (AMI), pain intensity, and safety outcomes were included. Meta‐analyses of proportions or mean differences were performed. Results: Thirty‐six studies were included, with an agreement of 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90, 0.96]. One month after the first injection, the reduction effects were −6.93 days (95% CI: −7.88, −5.99) for MMD, −8.55 days (95% CI: −11.32, −5.78) for MHD, and −7.96 points (95% CI: −8.93, −6.99) for Headache Impact Test. Over 60% of patients achieved a reduction in MMD/MHD of at least 50% within 3 months. The effect increased gradually and slightly up to 12 months. The adverse event rates were 0.25 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.38) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.45) at 6 and 12 months, respectively, with constipation being the most common. Conclusion: Galcanezumab appears to be associated with clinically meaningful improvements in migraine and favorable safety outcomes, although the evidence certainty is limited by heterogeneity.

Metformin is the mainstay treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its use in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial because of concerns about lactic acidosis. Previous meta-analyses have been limited by heterogeneous comparator groups and lack of CKD-stage stratification. To assess the association between metformin use and the risk of all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events (MACE), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and lactic acidosis in population with CKD and T2DM. A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2025. Observational studies evaluating these associations in populations with CKD and T2DM were included. The associations were expressed as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Meta-analyses were performed with subgroup analyses according to CKD stage. Twelve studies were included. Metformin use was associated with a reduction in both all-cause mortality (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.90) and ESRD (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.76). However, there was a trend towards an increased lactic acidosis risk in stage 4 (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.95, 3.87). Metformin use was not associated with MACE. In this updated meta-analysis, based on observational evidence with very low certainty, metformin was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and ESRD. However, the results were inconsistent, and a potential increase in lactic acidosis risk in stage 4 was observed. Future studies examining the effect of dosage on these associations are required.