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Hydrocarbon exploration and production activities are basic to the functioning of the oil and gas industry, while concession contracts and fees are central concepts in the aforementioned activities. The authors consider several questions regarding these concepts, such as: what is the legislative, institutional, and fiscal framework in certain European countries regarding hydrocarbon exploration and production? What are the major differences between them? Finally, is there room for improvement of the framework in the Republic of Croatia? To answer these questions, the authors contacted some of the relevant institutions and accessed official government gazettes, institution websites, legal aggregators, journal articles, books, and different legal publications regarding the oil and gas industry for several European countries, namely the Kingdom of Norway, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Austria, and the Republic of Croatia. As a result, this paper presents an overview of legislation, institutions, concession contracts, taxes, and fees for each of the aforementioned countries. The authors conclude that the Republic of Croatia could benefit from applying some foreign solutions in its own legislative and fiscal framework, i.e., using a sliding scale for royalty calculation and simplifying some administrative procedures.
Marko Kolovrat; Lucija Jukić; Daria Karasalihović Sedlar. Comparison of Hydrocarbon Fiscal Regimes of Some European Oil and Gas Producers and Perspectives for Improvement in the Republic of Croatia. Energies 2021, 14, 5056 .
AMA StyleMarko Kolovrat, Lucija Jukić, Daria Karasalihović Sedlar. Comparison of Hydrocarbon Fiscal Regimes of Some European Oil and Gas Producers and Perspectives for Improvement in the Republic of Croatia. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarko Kolovrat; Lucija Jukić; Daria Karasalihović Sedlar. 2021. "Comparison of Hydrocarbon Fiscal Regimes of Some European Oil and Gas Producers and Perspectives for Improvement in the Republic of Croatia." Energies 14, no. 16: 5056.
In 2019, natural gas accounted for 25.4% of gross inland consumption in the European Union (EU), making it one of the most important energy sources in the EU. The importance of natural gas, together with the ongoing liberalization of the gas market, has made the natural gas sector significantly commercially sensitive. To reduce the risk of financial losses, balance group managers often need to have an accurate forecast of natural gas consumption. An accurate forecast will ensure small deviations between actual gas consumption and reserved gas volumes and transmission system capacity resulting in less balancing energy required, which is sold at a higher price in the final balancing process. This paper researches the optimal number of smart meters and best fitted consumption data distribution in order to achieve satisfactory results in terms of the accuracy by using simple forecasting methods. Beside mentioned, this paper provides accuracy overview of various already available forecasting methods, as well as the selection of input parameters for forecasting short term natural gas consumption. Using the calculated linear temperature dependence together with the lognormal distribution, the consumption of natural gas was simulated for 12 different cases. The simulation showed that, if more than 10 000 smart meters were installed, deviation between average estimated natural gas consumption and the real data would be less than ±2.96 %. In case of 100 000 smart meters installed, deviation would be less than ±1.20 %, but the “large” partly temperature independent consumers must be disregarded.
Ivan Smajla; Daria Karasalihović Sedlar; Domagoj Vulin; Lucija Jukić. Influence of smart meters on the accuracy of methods for forecasting natural gas consumption. Energy Reports 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleIvan Smajla, Daria Karasalihović Sedlar, Domagoj Vulin, Lucija Jukić. Influence of smart meters on the accuracy of methods for forecasting natural gas consumption. Energy Reports. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Smajla; Daria Karasalihović Sedlar; Domagoj Vulin; Lucija Jukić. 2021. "Influence of smart meters on the accuracy of methods for forecasting natural gas consumption." Energy Reports , no. : 1.
In this study, oil production and retention were observed and compared in 72 reservoir simulation cases, after which an economic analysis for various CO2 and oil prices was performed. Reservoir simulation cases comprise different combinations of water alternating gas (WAG) ratios, permeabilities, and well distances. These models were set at three different depths; thus different pressure and temperature conditions, to see the impact of miscibility on oil production and CO2 sequestration. Those reservoir conditions affect oil production and CO2 retention differently. The retention trend dependence on depth was not monotonic—optimal retention relative to the amount of injected CO2 could be achieved at middle depths and mediocre permeability as well. Results reflecting different reservoir conditions and injection strategies are shown, and analysis including the utilization factor and the net present value was conducted to examine the feasibility of different scenarios. The analysis presented in this paper can serve as a guideline for multiparameter analysis and optimization of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) with a WAG injection strategy.
Maja Arnaut; Domagoj Vulin; Gabriela José García Lamberg; Lucija Jukić. Simulation Analysis of CO2-EOR Process and Feasibility of CO2 Storage during EOR. Energies 2021, 14, 1154 .
AMA StyleMaja Arnaut, Domagoj Vulin, Gabriela José García Lamberg, Lucija Jukić. Simulation Analysis of CO2-EOR Process and Feasibility of CO2 Storage during EOR. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Arnaut; Domagoj Vulin; Gabriela José García Lamberg; Lucija Jukić. 2021. "Simulation Analysis of CO2-EOR Process and Feasibility of CO2 Storage during EOR." Energies 14, no. 4: 1154.
Blue energy is one of the development sectors identified in the European Union strategic documents within the blue economy that promotes the exploitation of the sea potential. European energy initiatives recognize the importance of blue energy and encourage its research and development. The offshore exploitation of hydrocarbons worldwide is entering the final phase, followed by the gradual decommissioning of the production platforms and their removal. Decommissioning usually has an adverse effect on the environment aside from its economic intensity. By proper planning, lifetime of existing offshore infrastructure can be extended as it can be used for blue energy or other activities related to the blue economy. The paper deals with preliminary assessment of natural gas offshore infrastructure applicability for various blue energy options such as the wind power for electricity generation along with hydrogen, methane or ammonia production and other uses to reduce waste, energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Methods used included data gathering from 19 offshore gas facilities including assessment of natural gas production on current offshore fields, reserves and technology use, wind potential and decommissioning. Review of potential for energy production, storage and other activities such as CCS and CCU have also been given. Preliminary results show that there are possibilities for feasible and environmentally friendly blue energy utilisation. Average calculated capacity factors for the wind turbines are at the 32%. To investigate economic feasibility of decommission delay, detailed data gathering of wind potential should be done at specific heights along with load capacity of the gas platforms.
D. Karasalihović Sedlar; D. Vulin; G. Krajačić; L. Jukić. Offshore gas production infrastructure reutilisation for blue energy production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 108, 159 -174.
AMA StyleD. Karasalihović Sedlar, D. Vulin, G. Krajačić, L. Jukić. Offshore gas production infrastructure reutilisation for blue energy production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 108 ():159-174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Karasalihović Sedlar; D. Vulin; G. Krajačić; L. Jukić. 2019. "Offshore gas production infrastructure reutilisation for blue energy production." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 108, no. : 159-174.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) use as a fuel in road and maritime traffic has increased rapidly, and it is slowly entering railroad traffic as well. The trend was pushed by the state administrations of mainly EU countries and international organizations seeing LNG as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel. Different infrastructural projects for the widespread use of LNG in transport have been launched around the world. The main goal of this paper was to analyze use of LNG as a fuel for heavy trucks. Different aspects of LNG chain were analyzed along with economical and ecological benefits of LNG application. Filling stations network for LNG were described for the purpose of comparative analysis of diesel and LNG heavy trucks. Conclusion has shown that using LNG as propellant fuel has numerous advantages over the use of conventional fuels. The higher initial investment of the LNG road vehicles could be amortized in their lifetime use, and in the long-term they are more affordable than the classic diesel vehicles. In addition to cost-effectiveness, LNG road vehicles reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental goals in transport, not only of the member states but worldwide, could not be met without LNG in heavy truck traffic.
Ivan Smajla; Daria Karasalihović Sedlar; Branko Drljača; Lucija Jukić. Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic. Energies 2019, 12, 515 .
AMA StyleIvan Smajla, Daria Karasalihović Sedlar, Branko Drljača, Lucija Jukić. Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic. Energies. 2019; 12 (3):515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Smajla; Daria Karasalihović Sedlar; Branko Drljača; Lucija Jukić. 2019. "Fuel Switch to LNG in Heavy Truck Traffic." Energies 12, no. 3: 515.
Tehnologija hvatanja i skladištenja ugljičnoga dioksida (CCS) koristan je dio strategije smanjenja stakleničkih plinova u posljednjih 20 godina. Iscrpljena plinska ležišta obećavajući su kandidati za skladištenje CO2. Cilj je rada usporediti kapacitete skladištenja CO2, dobivene dvjema analitičkim metodama, te usporediti rezultate s kapacitetom skladištenja kao rezultat simulacije i na taj način potvrditi analitičke metode. Prvi analitički izraz uzima u obzir prosječni ležišni tlak i dostupne podatke o proizvodnji. Drugi je izraz općenitiji te uključuje volumen proizvodnje, gustoću CO2 i volumni faktor formacije originalnoga fluida. Za potrebe rada korišteni su softveri Schlumberger PVTi za proračun jednadžbe stanja i ECLIPSE (modul E300) za ležišno modeliranje. Rezultati simulacije potvrdili su analitička rješenja, što upućuje na mogućnost utiskivanja dva puta veće mase CO2 od proizvedenoga CH4, ovisno o dubini ležišne stijene. Iako jedno rješenje pokazuje nešto višu (16.7 × 106 m3), a drugo nešto nižu (14.6 × 106 m3) procjenu količina CO2 koje bi se mogle utisnuti u ležište od simulacije (16.2 × 106 m3), oba rješenja mogu se koristiti za prve procjene i analize s obzirom na to da su razlike neznatne.
Amalia Lekić; Maja Arnaut; Marija Macenić; Lucija Jukić. SIMULACIJA UTISKIVANJA CO2 U NAPUŠTENO PLINSKO LEŽIŠTE: ANALIZA SLUČAJA PJEŠČENJAKA GORNJEGA MIOCENA, SJEVERNA HRVATSKA. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 2019, 34, 139 -149.
AMA StyleAmalia Lekić, Maja Arnaut, Marija Macenić, Lucija Jukić. SIMULACIJA UTISKIVANJA CO2 U NAPUŠTENO PLINSKO LEŽIŠTE: ANALIZA SLUČAJA PJEŠČENJAKA GORNJEGA MIOCENA, SJEVERNA HRVATSKA. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik. 2019; 34 (1):139-149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmalia Lekić; Maja Arnaut; Marija Macenić; Lucija Jukić. 2019. "SIMULACIJA UTISKIVANJA CO2 U NAPUŠTENO PLINSKO LEŽIŠTE: ANALIZA SLUČAJA PJEŠČENJAKA GORNJEGA MIOCENA, SJEVERNA HRVATSKA." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 34, no. 1: 139-149.
Analysis of change in composition of flaring gas during the exploitation period of an oil reservoir has been performed to estimate possibilities for feasible reduction of CO2 emissions during hydrocarbon production. There are many projects regarding improvements of energy and flare efficiencies or possibilities for CO2 separation and storage, but none of them calculates emissions for different p-T conditions. Numerous oil fields do not have possibilities for transport of gas separated during oil production to final consumers due to technological or economic limitations. This paper deals with possibility of introducing small technological improvement like implementation of gas separator, which might lead to CO2 reduction at flare. First, it was necessary to calculate accurate oil production decline through lifetime of a reservoir, then pressure decline for a mature oil field was correlated. The payout period for such improvement, along with other economical parameters, has been calculated in economic analysis. It can be concluded that CO2 reduction is possible and economically feasible by introducing separator at oil production field.
Daria Karasalihović Sedlar; Domagoj Vulin; Lucija Jukić; Ivan Smajla. Possibility of decreasing CO2 emissions from flaring on a mature oil field. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 2018, 171, 1302 -1308.
AMA StyleDaria Karasalihović Sedlar, Domagoj Vulin, Lucija Jukić, Ivan Smajla. Possibility of decreasing CO2 emissions from flaring on a mature oil field. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2018; 171 ():1302-1308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaria Karasalihović Sedlar; Domagoj Vulin; Lucija Jukić; Ivan Smajla. 2018. "Possibility of decreasing CO2 emissions from flaring on a mature oil field." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 171, no. : 1302-1308.