Malaria is a significant public health challenge in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), with a high prevalence and mortality rate, particularly among children under five years old. This study examines the impact of malaria in eastern DR Congo, where armed conflict and humanitarian crises have resulted in overcrowded refugee and internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, exacerbating malaria transmission. Malnutrition, limited access to healthcare, and poor living conditions makes children under the age of five particularly vulnerable. Despite attempts by organizations such as the World Health Organization and various non-governmental organizations to supply insecticide-treated bed nets and antimalarial drugs, implementation in refugee camps is impeded by war, resource constraints, and insufficient healthcare facilities. A focused elimination approach that includes integrated vector control, enhanced diagnostic access, healthcare professional training, and community engagement is critical. Surveillance and research are critical for determining malaria prevalence and resistance patterns. Effective malaria treatment in refugee camps necessitates broad strategies to protect vulnerable children and lower disease burdens.

River blindness is a Neglected Tropical Disease prevalent in Africa. It is transmitted through infected black flies that breed around fast-flowing rivers and streams. Over 120 million people in 31 African countries are at risk of contracting the disease, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare access. Despite effective treatments being available, river blindness remains a major health issue. This is due to challenges in delivering treatment to remote areas, limited preventative measures and inadequate resources. Addressing this disease requires widespread distribution of ivermectin (antiparasitic drug) through mass drug administration programs. Vector control measures are also imperative to limit transmission. International collaboration and funding play a crucial role in the fight against river blindness in Africa; NGOs provide support for drug procurement and research. Strong partnerships between governments and various organizations play a pivotal role in potentially putting an end to this disease.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) is facing a public health emergency due to numerous infectious diseases, predominately yellow fever. Since 2015, numerous outbreaks of the illness have occurred in the country which resulted in detrimental impacts on the population. As of February 2024, the DR Congo has reported over 1,200 suspected yellow fever cases with an 11% case fatality rate. This represents a 22% increase compared to 2021 when 203 confirmed cases were reported with a 9% fatality rate. Although there is no specific medication to treat yellow fever, vaccination is proven to be the most effective method of prevention. Despite national and international efforts to combat the disease through vaccination campaigns, yellow fever continues to pose a significant threat. This is because vaccination efforts are limited by the inadequate infrastructure, poverty, poor sanitation and the presence of rebel groups in the DR Congo. Early diagnosis, the use of mosquito nets and insecticides, as well as raising awareness can furthermore aid in limiting transmission. This review explores the prevalence, diagnosis and prevention methods of yellow fever in the DR Congo, as well as the numerous obstacles faced by the country to eliminate it.