This study examines the photovoltaic (PV) landscape-related literature indexed in the Web of Science database from 2005 to 2024, employing a combination of bibliometric analysis software and a manual review to analyze, explore, and summarize the development trajectory and future trends in PV landscape research. Over the past two decades, PV landscape research has progressed through three stages: the foundational stage from 2005 to 2008, during which studies primarily focused on the environmental impacts of PV installations; the developmental stage from 2009 to 2020, characterized by interdisciplinary integration, with research shifting its focus to the combination of PV systems with living and production environments, advancements in PV landscape technologies, and innovations in PV materials; and the maturity stage from 2021 to 2024, which has seen heightened requirements for energy conversion efficiency and stability in PV systems, along with the establishment of a systematic research framework for PV landscapes, enabling more diverse explorations of its development. Based on this analysis, this study summarizes key research frontiers in PV landscapes, including the impacts and assessment of PV installations on the ecological environment, the deep integration of PV systems with living environments, and the visual aesthetic impacts and evaluation of PV landscapes. Finally, this study proposes three future prospects for PV landscapes and briefly discusses the limitations of this research.

Modernization and industrialization have significantly increased energy consumption, causing environmental problems. Given that China is the largest energy user, the rise in building energy consumption necessitates clean energy alternatives. The purpose of this study is to summarize typical building models for primary and secondary schools in Hainan Province, and to use software to simulate and calculate the photovoltaic utilization potential of primary and secondary school buildings. In China, the government is usually the manager of primary and secondary schools, and due to their architectural characteristics, these buildings can be used to assess photovoltaic applications. The aim is to drive the application of photovoltaic systems in all types of buildings and promote urban energy reform. This study summarizes the types of primary and secondary school buildings in Hainan Province and analyzes them. It evaluates rooftop photovoltaic projects at the Second Middle School and the Siyuan School in Wanning City, Hainan Province, and uses PVsyst 7.2 software to assess the photovoltaic utilization potential. The results show that the optimal orientation in Hainan Province is south-facing, and the optimal inclination angle is 10° to 20°. The most favorable orientations of facade photovoltaic systems are 20° southeast or southwest. The longest dynamic investment payback period is approximately 15 years, and the environmental benefits are $0.012/kWh. The findings indicate significant potential for photovoltaic applications in primary and secondary school buildings. A combination of facade and rooftop photovoltaics can result in the zero-energy consumption of these buildings, reducing the pressure on urban power grids and achieving sustainable utilization.

The yanglou buildings of Quanzhou are composite architectural heritage shaped by overseas Chinese and local traditions whose front facades provide an observable interface for comparing local and foreign cultural combinations. As existing studies emphasize plan typology and lack quantitative facade comparison, this study takes 40 yanglou buildings built by overseas Chinese between the late Qing dynasty and the 1960s in urban Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Shishi, and Nan’an and constructs a workflow of data survey, acculturation quantification, stage identification, and discriminative contribution analysis. The results show marked heterogeneity: the veranda presents strong object culture expressions, the wall elements are dominated by subject culture, and the hierarchy in the composition is unstable. FCM results show that the facades approximate continuous transitions rather than a single linear sequence. PLSR results show that the subject and object culture proportions in the veranda and wall elements and the object and renewal culture proportions in their compositions contribute more discriminatively to stage identification. This study shows that Quanzhou yanglou buildings are not direct transplantations of Western styles but composite heritage grounded in subject culture, absorbing object culture features and generating only limited renewal culture, providing a quantitative framework for stage identification, value interpretation, and differentiated conservation.

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) power has escalated land-use conflicts, making spatial planning a complex socio-economic challenge. Existing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods often fail to reconcile top-down macro-climate goals with bottom-up local environmental and infrastructural constraints. To address this dilemma, this study proposes a novel spatial decision support framework integrating a mathematical compromise weighting method-optimizing AHP subjective policy preferences and CRITIC objective physical constraints with GIS-TOPSIS. Applied to China’s seven major geographic regions, the model accurately identifies four socio-economic evolutionary paradigms dictating PV spatial patterns. The results demonstrate that our framework effectively mitigates ecological and agricultural land squeezes, offering a robust tool for policymakers to harmonize renewable energy deployment with sustainable environmental management.