With the unprecedented growth of electric vehicles usage, the equitable population-based provision of public charging services has become an important concern in high-density urban centers. To address sustainability concerns, this study explores an analytical framework for assessing the equity of access to public charging services. By comprehensively analyzing factors such as accessibility, the Gini coefficient, the correlation coefficient, and supply–demand matching, we investigated the unequal access to public charging stations within 24 types of sites in central Shanghai. The spatial distribution and accessibility were visualized to illustrate differences in service access. Subsequently, social equity was assessed by considering the population distribution and identifying areas of supply–demand imbalance. The results show that 81% of households share only 10% of public charging services, suggesting a generalized inequality within areas and facilities. Residents of large-scale, low-density, low-grade neighborhoods have difficulties accessing services. Nearly 66.96% of subdistricts have supply and demand conflicts. In addition, priority types of improvement were identified and directions for improvement were suggested, as well as recommendations for the integration of PCSs with exterior built places. We also found significant differences in accessibility and equity at both the district and subdistrict level. The findings of this study will help urban planners assess and locate unequal areas and provide insights and the basis for further expansion into the analysis methods adopted at different stages to achieve sustainable development.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in pensioners has become an important concern in the aging population, and there are an increasing number of products, especially virtual reality (VR)-based products, to assist in the identification, intervention, and treatment of MCI older adults. Multiple studies on the efficacy and usability of VR products are also receiving increased attention from designers. However, issues such as the efficacy testing of VR products still face serious challenges. In this study, we evaluated VR products looking at the interactive responsiveness of MCI older adults when using VR products, and analyzed the brain activation status and behavioral conditions of MCI older adults. Multisource data were generated by a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device with high spatial resolution and a behavioral recording device reflecting motor abilities. Small-wave amplitudes were selected as indicators of brain activation to analyze six brain areas: LPFC, RPFC, LOL, ROL, LMC, and RMC. Eight aspects, such as overall upper-limb speed, upper-limb global acceleration, and median velocity, were selected as indicators for behavioral recording. The differences were observed by comparing the level of completion of interactive responses by MCI older adults between the two groups. The results showed that MCI older adults showed different levels of activation in brain regions when performing VR product-based tasks. The higher the level of cognition, the better the interactive response in the task and the stronger the activation of brain regions. Meanwhile, the level of interaction response had a significant correlation with the motor performance of MCI older adults, with stronger motor functions leading to a more effective interaction response to the product. This study proposes a new method to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring the interaction between the MCI elderly and VR-based products using fNIRS with Kinect, which provides a new way to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based product-assisted treatment.

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) power has escalated land-use conflicts, making spatial planning a complex socio-economic challenge. Existing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods often fail to reconcile top-down macro-climate goals with bottom-up local environmental and infrastructural constraints. To address this dilemma, this study proposes a novel spatial decision support framework integrating a mathematical compromise weighting method-optimizing AHP subjective policy preferences and CRITIC objective physical constraints with GIS-TOPSIS. Applied to China’s seven major geographic regions, the model accurately identifies four socio-economic evolutionary paradigms dictating PV spatial patterns. The results demonstrate that our framework effectively mitigates ecological and agricultural land squeezes, offering a robust tool for policymakers to harmonize renewable energy deployment with sustainable environmental management.

Background: This study focuses on the inadequate population aging adaptation of community emergency facilities under the backdrop of global population aging, which makes it difficult to support treatment of older adults within the “golden time” for sudden emergencies such as cardiogenic sudden death, stroke, and falls. Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2024 to April 2025 in three typical old communities in Xuhui District, Shanghai: Huali Yuan, Meilong Village 1, and Meilong Village 2. Using 351 structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, the functional needs and usage barriers of older adults and caregivers regarding community emergency facilities were systematically collected. A Kano-AHP-TRIZ-TOPSIS integrated method framework was constructed to classify 19 needs by medical attributes, rank them by clinical priority, and resolve design contradictions. Results: An population aging community health emergency station prototype was ultimately developed. The study results showed that a “minimal emergency call mechanism” and a “clear visual and voice guidance system” were the core basic needs for older adults, with the “minimal emergency call” having the highest overall weight (0.410). Based on TRIZ theory, key conflicts related to functional integration, operational simplicity, and barrier-free space were effectively resolved. TOPSIS evaluation indicated that the overall performance of this prototype was significantly superior to that of traditional facility samples ( C _i = 0.894 compared to the sample C _i = 0.167). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Kano-AHP-TRIZ-TOPSIS integrated model can be used to systematically convert complex user needs into design elements with priorities, and provides methodological support for the construction of prototypes of emergency stations in population aging communities. The proposed prototype achieved high overall preference under the evaluation context set in this study, showing design potential in emergency response, ease of use, and medical coordination. Moreover, the relevant results are mainly based on small-scale expert and user evaluations, reflecting the relative preference of the prototype scheme rather than direct evidence of actual application effects at the community level.

The state proposed to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, and Fengzhou began to excavate the historical and cultural connotation of the ancient city. From the perspective of phenomenological theory, this paper explores the historical spatial form and function of the ancient city of Fengzhou. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the historical spatial layout of the ancient city of Fengzhou, explores the "replacement" of the urban space and the development momentum behind it in different historical stages, sorts out the heritage value of the ancient city of Fengzhou in different periods, and protects and utilizes the cultural heritage of urban space. Finally, from the perspective of cultural inheritance, on the basis of the language tone of the overall style of the ancient city of Fengzhou, the overlapping cultural history of different historical periods of the ancient city of Fengzhou is considered.