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Within the framework of IEA-SHC Task 59, a multidisciplinary team of experts from around the world has come together to investigate current approaches for energy retrofit of the built heritage with energy efficiency conservation-compatible measures, in accordance with cultural and heritage values, and to check and adapt the new standard EN-16883:2017 for historic buildings. This paper introduces activities within IEA-SHC Task 59 (Subtask C) focused on retrofit solutions with high impact on sustainability, energy efficiency, and the integration of renewables, which is the main goal of the solar group, focused on the integrated solar systems for historic buildings. Relying on an extensive, detailed, and accurate collection of case studies of application of solar photovoltaic and thermal systems in historic buildings, the assessment criteria of the standard have been reviewed and tailored for better solar implementation evaluation in a heritage context. All this is studied based on technical compatibility, the heritage significance of the building and its settings, the economic viability, the energy performances and indoor environmental quality and use, as well as the impact on the outdoor environment of solar renewables.
Cristina Polo López; Elena Lucchi; Eleonora Leonardi; Antonello Durante; Anne Schmidt; Roger Curtis. Risk-Benefit Assessment Scheme for Renewable Solar Solutions in Traditional and Historic Buildings. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5246 .
AMA StyleCristina Polo López, Elena Lucchi, Eleonora Leonardi, Antonello Durante, Anne Schmidt, Roger Curtis. Risk-Benefit Assessment Scheme for Renewable Solar Solutions in Traditional and Historic Buildings. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Polo López; Elena Lucchi; Eleonora Leonardi; Antonello Durante; Anne Schmidt; Roger Curtis. 2021. "Risk-Benefit Assessment Scheme for Renewable Solar Solutions in Traditional and Historic Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5246.
Energy flexibility in buildings is gaining momentum with the introduction of new European directives that enable buildings to manage their own energy demand and production, by storing, consuming or selling electricity according to their need. The transition towards a low-carbon energy system, through the promotion of on-site energy production and enhancement of self-consumption, can be supported by building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technologies. This paper investigates the aesthetic and technological integration of hidden coloured PV modules in architecturally sensitive areas that seem to be the best possibility to favour a balance between conservation and energy issues. First, a multidisciplinary methodology for evaluating the aesthetic and technical integration of PV systems in architecturally sensitive area is proposed, referring to the technologies available on the market. Second, the experimental characterisation of the technical performance specific BIPV modules and their comparison with standard modules under standard weather condition are analysed, with the aim of acquiring useful data for comparing the modules’ integration properties and performance. For this purpose, new testbeds have been set up to investigate the aesthetic integration and the energy performances of innovative BIPV products. The paper describes the analyses carried out to define the final configuration of these experimental testbeds. Finally, the experimental characterisation at standard test conditions of two coloured BIPV modules is presented and the experimental design for the outdoor testing is outlined.
Martina Pelle; Elena Lucchi; Laura Maturi; Alexander Astigarraga; Francesco Causone. Coloured BIPV Technologies: Methodological and Experimental Assessment for Architecturally Sensitive Areas. Energies 2020, 13, 4506 .
AMA StyleMartina Pelle, Elena Lucchi, Laura Maturi, Alexander Astigarraga, Francesco Causone. Coloured BIPV Technologies: Methodological and Experimental Assessment for Architecturally Sensitive Areas. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartina Pelle; Elena Lucchi; Laura Maturi; Alexander Astigarraga; Francesco Causone. 2020. "Coloured BIPV Technologies: Methodological and Experimental Assessment for Architecturally Sensitive Areas." Energies 13, no. 17: 4506.
The hygrothermal behaviour of an internally insulated historic wall is still hard to predict, mainly because the physical characteristics of the materials composing the historic wall are unknown. In this study, the hygrothermal assessment of an internally thermal insulated masonry wall of an historic palace located in Ferrara, in Italy, is shown. In situ non-destructive monitoring method is combined with a hygrothermal simulation tool, aiming to better analyse and discuss future refurbishment scenarios. In this context, the original U-value of the wall (not refurbished) is decreased from 1.44 W/m2K to 0.26 W/m2K (10 cm stone wool). Under the site specific conditions of this wall, not reached by the sun or rain, it was verified that even in the absence of vapour barrier, no frost damage is likely to occur and the condensation risk is very limited. Authors proposed further discussion based on simulation. The results showed that the introduction of a second gypsum board to the studied technology compensated such absence, while the reduction of the insulation material thickness provides a reduction of RH peaks in the interstitial area by 1%; this second solution proved to be more efficient, providing a 3% RH reduction and the avoidance of further thermal losses.
Mirco Andreotti; Dario Bottino-Leone; Marta Calzolari; Pietromaria Davoli; Luisa Dias Pereira; Elena Lucchi; Alexandra Troi. Applied Research of the Hygrothermal Behaviour of an Internally Insulated Historic Wall without Vapour Barrier: In Situ Measurements and Dynamic Simulations. Energies 2020, 13, 3362 .
AMA StyleMirco Andreotti, Dario Bottino-Leone, Marta Calzolari, Pietromaria Davoli, Luisa Dias Pereira, Elena Lucchi, Alexandra Troi. Applied Research of the Hygrothermal Behaviour of an Internally Insulated Historic Wall without Vapour Barrier: In Situ Measurements and Dynamic Simulations. Energies. 2020; 13 (13):3362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirco Andreotti; Dario Bottino-Leone; Marta Calzolari; Pietromaria Davoli; Luisa Dias Pereira; Elena Lucchi; Alexandra Troi. 2020. "Applied Research of the Hygrothermal Behaviour of an Internally Insulated Historic Wall without Vapour Barrier: In Situ Measurements and Dynamic Simulations." Energies 13, no. 13: 3362.
The main purpose of the HeLLo project is to contribute to data available on the literature on the real hygrothermal behavior of historic walls and the suitability of insulation technologies. Furthermore, it also aims at minimizing the energy simulation errors at the design phase and at improving their conservation features. In this framework, one of the preliminary activities of the study is the creation of a real in situ hot box to measure and analyze different insulation technologies applied to a real historic wall, to quantify the hygrothermal performance of a masonry building. Inside this box, ‘traditional’ experiments can be carried out: recording heat flux, surface temperature, and air temperatures, as well as relative humidity values through the use of a new sensing system (composed of thermocouples and temperature/relative humidity combined sensors). Within this paper, the process of development, construction, and validation of this new metering box is exhibited. The new hot box, specifically studied for historic case studies, when compared to other boxes, presents other advantages compared to previous examples, widely exemplified.
Mirco Andreotti; Marta Calzolari; Pietromaria Davoli; Luisa Dias Pereira; Elena Lucchi; Roberto Malaguti. Design and Construction of a New Metering Hot Box for the In Situ Hygrothermal Measurement in Dynamic Conditions of Historic Masonries. Energies 2020, 13, 2950 .
AMA StyleMirco Andreotti, Marta Calzolari, Pietromaria Davoli, Luisa Dias Pereira, Elena Lucchi, Roberto Malaguti. Design and Construction of a New Metering Hot Box for the In Situ Hygrothermal Measurement in Dynamic Conditions of Historic Masonries. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirco Andreotti; Marta Calzolari; Pietromaria Davoli; Luisa Dias Pereira; Elena Lucchi; Roberto Malaguti. 2020. "Design and Construction of a New Metering Hot Box for the In Situ Hygrothermal Measurement in Dynamic Conditions of Historic Masonries." Energies 13, no. 11: 2950.
This article aims to properly assess the hygrothermal properties of walls located in historic buildings, this study discloses the development of a remote sensing technology compatible with an in-situ measurement implemented in Palazzo Tassoni (Italy). As required by the international recommendations adapted to cultural heritage (CH), this monitoring system balances CH conservation, performance aspects and economic costs using an integrated multidisciplinary approach. Electronics for measurement of environmental parameters is composed of sensor measurements, data acquisition system and data storage and communication system. Data acquisition system, equipped with standard modbus-rtu interface, is designed to run standalone and it is based on two cloned single board PCs to reduce the possibility of data loss. In order to reduce the costs, RaspberryPI single board PCs were chosen. These run a C/C++ software based on standard modbus library and designed to implement multi-client server TCP/IP to allow communication with other devices. Storage and communication systems are based on an industrial PC; it communicates with sensor measurements’ system through a modbus-TCPIP bridge. PC runs a Labview software to provide data storage on a local database and graphical user interface to properly see all acquired data. Herein, some sensing options and approaches of measurement are described, unveiling different possible ways of enhancing the retrofit of CH with adapted technology.
Elena Lucchi; Luisa Dias Pereira; Mirco Andreotti; Roberto Malaguti; David Cennamo; Marta Calzolari; Valentina Frighi. Development of a Compatible, Low Cost and High Accurate Conservation Remote Sensing Technology for the Hygrothermal Assessment of Historic Walls. Electronics 2019, 8, 643 .
AMA StyleElena Lucchi, Luisa Dias Pereira, Mirco Andreotti, Roberto Malaguti, David Cennamo, Marta Calzolari, Valentina Frighi. Development of a Compatible, Low Cost and High Accurate Conservation Remote Sensing Technology for the Hygrothermal Assessment of Historic Walls. Electronics. 2019; 8 (6):643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Lucchi; Luisa Dias Pereira; Mirco Andreotti; Roberto Malaguti; David Cennamo; Marta Calzolari; Valentina Frighi. 2019. "Development of a Compatible, Low Cost and High Accurate Conservation Remote Sensing Technology for the Hygrothermal Assessment of Historic Walls." Electronics 8, no. 6: 643.
Environmental sustainability certification represents a strategic opportunity for improving energy efficiency, environmental quality, rational use of resources and design innovation in historic buildings, allowing greater transparency on energy uses and environmental management. To address these aspects, the Green Building Council of Italy has developed a new rating system, GBC Historic Building®, derived from the most diffused environmental sustainability assessment method worldwide (i. e. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - LEED®), in order to evaluate the sustainability level of restoration, rehabilitation and adaptation of historic buildings built before the end of World War II. This manuscript focuses on how this innovative assessment method addresses energy issues and indoor environmental quality aspects throughout the different thematic areas, introducing the new category “Historic Value”, distinctive of this protocol, aimed at improving the knowledge on the historic building and to support a sustainable approach in the restoration process.
P. Boarin; E. Lucchi; M. Zuppiroli. An Assessment Method for Certified Environmental Sustainability in the Preservation of Historic Buildings. A Focus on Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in the Italian Experience of GBC Historic Building. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleP. Boarin, E. Lucchi, M. Zuppiroli. An Assessment Method for Certified Environmental Sustainability in the Preservation of Historic Buildings. A Focus on Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in the Italian Experience of GBC Historic Building. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Boarin; E. Lucchi; M. Zuppiroli. 2019. "An Assessment Method for Certified Environmental Sustainability in the Preservation of Historic Buildings. A Focus on Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in the Italian Experience of GBC Historic Building." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments , no. : 1.
The large majority of the building heat losses occur through the building envelope. Hence, the accurate evaluation of energy leakages, quantified by the thermal transmittance (U-value), is necessary, especially for energy labelling or city energy planning purposes, to foresee proper retrofit intervention and energy strategies. Among the techniques for the U-value assessment, the one that employs the quantitative infrared thermography (IRT) has spread in the last years, thanks to the possibility of easing the abovementioned processes due to reliable results, fast inspection, measurement carried out on large areas. However, a work that collects all the available techniques, explaining their weak and strength points, together with analogies and differences among the literature experiences, and which focuses on IRT, has not been carried out until now. This study starts from the common approaches for the U-value evaluation (analogies with coeval buildings, the calculation method, the in-situ measurements and the laboratory tests), with the underlying standard procedures and the most important advantages, problems, and potential sources of errors defined by the literature. Then, the IRT technique, and its development through the years, is detailed and discussed, focusing on analogies and differences among the available literature sources. Also, several recurring energy related problems, such as the detection and estimation of thermal bridging as well as the assessment of the ε-value of building materials, are shown. Finally, the qualification of IRT personnel and the perspectives in the building sector are briefly explained, to remark the need for specialized thermographers who deal with an evolving methodology.
Iole Nardi; Elena Lucchi; Tullio de Rubeis; Dario Ambrosini. Quantification of heat energy losses through the building envelope: A state-of-the-art analysis with critical and comprehensive review on infrared thermography. Building and Environment 2018, 146, 190 -205.
AMA StyleIole Nardi, Elena Lucchi, Tullio de Rubeis, Dario Ambrosini. Quantification of heat energy losses through the building envelope: A state-of-the-art analysis with critical and comprehensive review on infrared thermography. Building and Environment. 2018; 146 ():190-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIole Nardi; Elena Lucchi; Tullio de Rubeis; Dario Ambrosini. 2018. "Quantification of heat energy losses through the building envelope: A state-of-the-art analysis with critical and comprehensive review on infrared thermography." Building and Environment 146, no. : 190-205.
Research and development of high thermal insulation materials for the construction sector requires an accurate characterization of the wall's performance, since that is the main causes of thermal exchanges between the internal and external boundaries. This paper presents a test procedure developed within the EU Project EFFESUS for evaluating the steady-state thermal performance of a masonry wall. A large-scale mock-up of the inhomogeneous wall was tested in a guarded hot box (GHB) apparatus before and after the application of an aerogel-based material. The methodology proposed in this paper is structured in the following steps: (i) definition of the wall geometry and the percentage of stone and mortar, using walls’ photographic records and geometrical surveys; (ii) precise thermal characterization of the material used; (iii) hygrothermal assessment procedure based on infrared technology (IRT) survey, gravimetric test, and monitoring of the internal relative humidity (RH); (iv) steady-state and dynamic thermal simulation; and (v) detailed set-up of the test using the data retrieved from the thermal surveys and simulations. According to the results of IRT surveys and the dynamic simulations, the mock-up was divided into thermal homogeneous parts, verifying the uniformity of the surface temperature and the heat flux in an isothermal area. This approach was validated both for low and high energy performance walls. Results show that the thermal flux was reduced to one third after the application of the aerogel.
Elena Lucchi; Francesca Roberti; Troi Alexandra. Definition of an experimental procedure with the hot box method for the thermal performance evaluation of inhomogeneous walls. Energy and Buildings 2018, 179, 99 -111.
AMA StyleElena Lucchi, Francesca Roberti, Troi Alexandra. Definition of an experimental procedure with the hot box method for the thermal performance evaluation of inhomogeneous walls. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 179 ():99-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Lucchi; Francesca Roberti; Troi Alexandra. 2018. "Definition of an experimental procedure with the hot box method for the thermal performance evaluation of inhomogeneous walls." Energy and Buildings 179, no. : 99-111.
Two infrared reflective coatings recently developed as part of the EFFESUS European research project are characterized and evaluated in this paper. Thermal performance, durability, compatibility with historic fabric, and reversibility are all analysed. The results of extensive research that include laboratory analysis of selected substrates, measurements on a large-scale traditional masonry mock-up, thermodynamic simulations, and finally application in to a real historic building in Istanbul, all support the potential of the new coatings to improve the thermal performance of historic buildings, in keeping with their visual integrity and cultural value. Besides their reflective properties, proven by the thermal stress reductions on the treated surfaces, the new coatings are characterized by low visual impact, easy application, material compatibility, and reversibility after application, as well as durability over time.
Francesca Becherini; Elena Lucchi; Alessandra Gandini; Maria Casado Barrasa; Alexandra Troi; Francesca Roberti; Maria Sachini; Maria Concetta Di Tuccio; Leire Garmendia Arrieta; Luc Pockelé; Adriana Bernardi. Characterization and thermal performance evaluation of infrared reflective coatings compatible with historic buildings. Building and Environment 2018, 134, 35 -46.
AMA StyleFrancesca Becherini, Elena Lucchi, Alessandra Gandini, Maria Casado Barrasa, Alexandra Troi, Francesca Roberti, Maria Sachini, Maria Concetta Di Tuccio, Leire Garmendia Arrieta, Luc Pockelé, Adriana Bernardi. Characterization and thermal performance evaluation of infrared reflective coatings compatible with historic buildings. Building and Environment. 2018; 134 ():35-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Becherini; Elena Lucchi; Alessandra Gandini; Maria Casado Barrasa; Alexandra Troi; Francesca Roberti; Maria Sachini; Maria Concetta Di Tuccio; Leire Garmendia Arrieta; Luc Pockelé; Adriana Bernardi. 2018. "Characterization and thermal performance evaluation of infrared reflective coatings compatible with historic buildings." Building and Environment 134, no. : 35-46.
Elena Lucchi; Francesca Becherini; Maria Concetta Di Tuccio; Alexandra Troi; Jürgen Frick; Francesca Roberti; Carsten Hermann; Ian Fairnington; Giulia Mezzasalma; Luc Pockelé; Adriana Bernardi. Thermal performance evaluation and comfort assessment of advanced aerogel as blown-in insulation for historic buildings. Building and Environment 2017, 122, 258 -268.
AMA StyleElena Lucchi, Francesca Becherini, Maria Concetta Di Tuccio, Alexandra Troi, Jürgen Frick, Francesca Roberti, Carsten Hermann, Ian Fairnington, Giulia Mezzasalma, Luc Pockelé, Adriana Bernardi. Thermal performance evaluation and comfort assessment of advanced aerogel as blown-in insulation for historic buildings. Building and Environment. 2017; 122 ():258-268.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Lucchi; Francesca Becherini; Maria Concetta Di Tuccio; Alexandra Troi; Jürgen Frick; Francesca Roberti; Carsten Hermann; Ian Fairnington; Giulia Mezzasalma; Luc Pockelé; Adriana Bernardi. 2017. "Thermal performance evaluation and comfort assessment of advanced aerogel as blown-in insulation for historic buildings." Building and Environment 122, no. : 258-268.
Francesca Roberti; Ulrich Filippi Oberegger; Elena Lucchi; Alexandra Troi. Energy retrofit and conservation of a historic building using multi-objective optimization and an analytic hierarchy process. Energy and Buildings 2017, 138, 1 -10.
AMA StyleFrancesca Roberti, Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, Elena Lucchi, Alexandra Troi. Energy retrofit and conservation of a historic building using multi-objective optimization and an analytic hierarchy process. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 138 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Roberti; Ulrich Filippi Oberegger; Elena Lucchi; Alexandra Troi. 2017. "Energy retrofit and conservation of a historic building using multi-objective optimization and an analytic hierarchy process." Energy and Buildings 138, no. : 1-10.