Ni single atoms doped with CeO₂ nanosheets combined with a Ti₂O₃ based photothermal device showed 3 Suns driven ESR with 462 °C temperature, 519 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ H₂ production rate, 16.7% solar-to-fuel efficiency and 60 hours of stable operation.

The orchard air-assisted sprayer exhibits strong droplet penetration, allowing uniform adhesion on both the front and back surfaces of leaves. The spray deposition and spray drift are influenced not only by the amount of pesticide but also by the airflow provided by the air-assisted system. To meet the requirements for regulating airflow and pesticide application in orchards, a method based on the iris structure for continuous adjustment of the air inlet area was proposed. An airflow control mechanism for orchard air-assisted sprayers, which is easy to install, was developed, and a circular recirculating pressure-stabilized spray system was designed. Additionally, an orchard sprayer supporting graded airflow control was developed. Experiments were conducted to assess airflow variation within the tree canopy and the spray deposition and spray drift under different airflow levels. The results showed that the average airflow attenuation rates in the canopy were 63.0%, 71.8%, and 82.5% for the leaf areas and canopy thicknesses of 826.5 cm², 1409.8 cm², and 1931.1 cm², and 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m, respectively. Graded variable control of airflow based on canopy variation helps improve droplet uniformity within the canopy and reduce spray drift in non-target areas. When the airflow in the middle of the tree canopy exceeds 1.50 m/s, the spray deposition ratio on both sides of the leaves increases to 83.55%, and the coefficient of variation in the droplet deposition on both sides is less than 33.24%. These findings provide support for pesticide precision application and spray drift control in orchards.

Effects of cow manure ratios on methane production and microbial community evolution in anaerobic co-digestion with different crop wastes

This study examined the impact of sodium propionate concentration (0–40 g/L) on the methanogenic archaea in an inoculum which was cultured in basal nutrient medium, exploring its mechanisms and nonlinear stress intensity. The results indicated that at low concentrations, propionate-maintained homeostasis of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system and enriched Methanosaeta. However, when the concentration exceeded 16 g/L, the stability of the AD system was disrupted. The methanogenic pathway shifted towards a predominantly hydrogenotrophic pathway, resulting in a significant increase in methane yield. Below concentrations of 28 g/L, the AD system gradually enhanced its ability to utilize propionate in an orderly manner. At concentrations of 24–28 g/L, genera (e.g., Advenella and Methanosarcina) were enriched to adapt to the high-VFA environment. This was accompanied by a significant upregulation of genes related to the methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic pathways, effectively mitigating propionate inhibition and enhancing methanogenesis. Conversely, excess concentrations (>30 g/L) suppressed methanogenesis-related genes and led to methane production arrest despite activating specialized propionate-metabolizing bacteria such as genus Pelotomaculum schinkii. As such, an increase in the stress intensity of propionate promotes a change in the metabolic pathways of methanogens and increases methane production; however, excessive sodium propionate was not conducive to maintaining the steady state of the system.

2D Co₃O₄ can be synthesized without producing sewage, which shows a nearly 100% ambient sunlight irradiated combustion efficiency for formaldehyde, CH₄, acetone, CO, as it assisted by spectrally selective coating.