State-owned forest farms are key players in managing forestry resources worldwide, playing a pivotal role in advancing the development of the non-timber forest product industry. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving “government–state-owned forest farms–farmer households” to delve into how state-owned forest farms collaborate with governments and farmer households to propel the growth of the non-timber forest product industry. Additionally, it explores the interactive relationships among multiple stakeholders and their asymptotic stability. The findings reveal that (1) under certain conditions, the game model can achieve four stable equilibrium strategies: (0,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,1,1), and (1,1,1). (2) Key factors influencing the tripartite game include the political performance and administrative costs of local governments involved in the industry’s development, assessment performance and reduced management and protection expenses of state-owned forest farms, and sales revenue and planting costs of farmers’ under-forest products. (3) The market development costs shared by state-owned forest farms and government subsidies for under-forest planting should be within a reasonable range. This ensures effective promotion of farmers’ participation in under-forest planting while maintaining the willingness of state-owned forest farms and governments to actively engage. These findings provide concrete guidelines that policymakers can use to spur sustainable growth in the NTFP sector.

Ecological products refer to the natural elements crucial for sustaining life support systems, ecological regulation functions, and environmental comfort. These products encompass clean air, water, pollution-free soil, lush forests, and maintaining favorable climates. In this study, we assessed the spatial distribution of ecosystem service functions in the Jizhou District of Tianjin using the suitability evaluation method, InVEST model calculations, and ArcGIS spatial visualization analysis. This study operates within the framework of “ecological industry selection”, involving suitability evaluations for ecological product development, and formulates industrial development planning and control strategies. To construct the evaluation index system for exploiting and utilizing ecological products in the Jizhou District, three key aspects were considered: ecosystem services, land use, and limiting factors. Leveraging the district’s resource endowments, this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution pattern of ecological product exploitation potential. The findings revealed a regional aggregation characteristic in the development potential of ecological products. The appropriate direction for developing eco-agriculture, eco-industry, eco-health, and eco-compensation products in the Jizhou district is influenced by the spatial distribution of ecosystem service functions. Building upon the analysis, specific types of ecological products suitable for development in the Jizhou District were further identified. By evaluating the suitability of ecological product development and utilization and verifying the results through industrial model division, the mechanism for comprehending the value of ecological products was realized. This study contributes to the realization of the “two mountains” ideology, wherein the transformation of green water and green mountains into assets of economic value is emphasized, thus fostering sustainable development practices.

A scientifically robust evaluation system for ecological products value realisation is urgently needed in China. Approaches that rely solely on objective indicators face significant challenges due to data limitations and regional heterogeneity. This study innovatively constructed an experts’ perceived effectiveness evaluation scale for ecological products value realisation, establishing a dual mechanism of “objective data + expert experience calibration” and covering the entire chain of “ecological background–economic conversion–social well-being–benefit feedback”. This framework was applied to the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, with results indicating that the perceived effectiveness index for value realisation of material-supply-oriented ecological products (MSEPs), regulatory service-oriented ecological products (RSEPs), and cultural service-oriented ecological products (CSEPs) was 0.7054, 0.6482, and 0.6052, respectively. Significant regional differences exist. Beijing holds a central and leading role, while effectiveness in the northern mountainous areas of Hebei Province is stronger than in the central and southern regions. Regions with weaker performance should prioritise leadership strategies over comprehensive development, as disparities arising from regional differentiation call for more sophisticated coordination mechanisms. The study offers new insights for policy decision-making and optimisation, enhancing both the applicability and precision of evaluation methods. Nonetheless, the designed scales remain exploratory and warrant verification through a broader empirical basis.