Objective: To investigate the effect of bilateral bone cement distribution on the clinical efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Methods: According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 109 cases of OVCF patients treated with bipedicular PKP were included in this study from August 2018 to July 2020. According to the distribution morphology of bilateral bone cement in vertebral body, patients were divided into 3 groups, including Group A (n = 44): bilateral diffuse type; Group B (n = 31): bilateral dense type; Group C (n = 34): mixed type. To assess the clinical and radiographic efficacy of the surgery, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score, anterior vertebral height (AVH), anterior vertebral height ratio (AVHR) and local kyphotic angle (LKA) were recorded at preoperatively, 2 days after surgery and 1 year after surgery.Results: Compared with the preoperative recorded value, the VAS score, ODI score, AVH, AVHR and LKA of the three groups were significantly improved at 2 days after surgery and 1 year after surgery (p < 0.05). At 1 year after surgery, the VAS score of Group A was better than that of groups B and C (p < 0.05), and there were significantly differences in ODI score, AVH, and LKA between Group A and Group B (p < 0.05). Compared with other bone cement distribution patterns, the incidence of recompression in bilateral diffuse bone cement distribution pattern was lower (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In the mid-term follow-up of patients undergoing bipedicular PKP, diffuse and symmetrical distribution of bone cement can obtain better clinical improvement and lower the incidence of secondary compression.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of different vertebral body heights restoration rate after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). The patients were divided into two groups according to the height restoration rate of the anterior edge of the vertebral body fracture after PKP operation using X-Ray imaging. The group A was below 80%, and the group B was above 80%. Clinical preoperative and postoperative efficacy (1st day, 1st month, 6th month, and 12th month after surgery) were evaluated according to VAS, Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis(QUALEFFO), and Back Pain Life Disorder Questionnaire(RQD). Simultaneously, the preoperative and postoperative local Cobb angles and changes in the injured vertebrae in the two groups were calculated and analyzed. The postoperative Cobb angle in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. The correction rate in group B was significantly better than that in group A. The VAS, ODI, QUALEFFO, and RQD scores of group B patients were significantly lower than those of patients in group A at each follow-up time point. The correlation coefficients of vertebral body height restoration rate and VAS, ODI, QUALEFFO, and RQD scores at the last follow-up were − 0.607 (P < 0.01), -0.625 (P < 0.01), -0.696 (P < 0.01), and − 0.662 (P < 0.01), respectively. The results of the correlation analysis between the vertebral body height restoration rate and the above clinical efficacy scores show that increasing the vertebral body anterior height restoration rate is beneficial for pain relief and improves the clinical efficacy of patients. Simultaneously, improving the height restoration rate of the anterior edge of the vertebral body and restoring the normal spinal structure is beneficial for reducing the incidence of refracture of the adjacent vertebral body.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are prevalent and multifactorial conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Recent studies have highlighted the central role of energy metabolism in their pathogenesis. This review focuses on how disturbances in glucose, lipid, and mitochondrial energy pathways contribute to TMJ dysfunction and degeneration. The TMJ’s complex structure relies heavily on a balanced energy supply to maintain its physiological functions. Disruptions in glucose metabolism lead to oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine release, and chondrocyte damage. Similarly, altered lipid metabolism—particularly imbalances in ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids—modifies inflammatory responses. Hormonal influences, including cholesterol and estrogen, further exacerbate joint degeneration via signaling pathways such as Notch and NF-κB. These metabolic disturbances trigger cellular senescence, impaired matrix synthesis, and structural breakdown of cartilage and bone. The review also evaluates current and emerging therapeutic strategies. Standard treatments such as NSAIDs and corticosteroids relieve symptoms but fail to address underlying metabolic dysfunctions. Promising alternatives include intra-articular growth factors, metabolic modulators targeting oxidative stress, and autophagy inducers that restore mitochondrial balance. These approaches aim to correct cellular energy imbalances and support tissue regeneration. TMD involve significant metabolic dysregulation in the TMJ. Understanding the role of energy metabolism offers new insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapies. Future research should prioritize metabolic regulation as a target for long-term and disease-modifying treatments in TMD management.

Background: This study aims to explore the correlation between bone metabolism indices and osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture (OTVF) in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 447 female patients with postmenopause and underwent OTVF in our hospital were selected as group A. Three hundred eighty-seven out-patients without fractures were selected as group B. Bone metabolism index including the serum levels of total Serum procollagen type N-terminal propeptide (tPINP), the age-related type I cross linked C-telopeptide (beta-CTX) and 25hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were collected and compared. The relation between bone metabolism indices and OTVF was analyzed. Results: The mean tPINP in group A was 61.72 +/- 28.43, which was notably higher than group B (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, greater beta CTX were higher founded in group A than group B (0.778 +/- 0.316 vs 0.669 +/- 0.303 mu g/l). However, the 25-OHD in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum level of tPINP (OR: 0.008, P = 0.011), the serum level of beta-CTX (OR: 0.805, P = 0.002) and the serum level of 25-OHD (OR: -0.029, P = 0.003) were independently correlated with postmenopausal OTVF. Conclusion: Bone metabolic markers play an important role in predicting OTVF. As a reflection of bone mass and bone strength, BMD is inadequate in predicting OTVF. High expression of bone metabolism indicators beta-CTX, tPINP and relatively low expression of 25-OHD suggest an increased risk of OTVF. Early detection of postmenopausal bone metabolism abnormalities can be used for early intervention to reduce the incidence of OTVF.