The efficiency of microbial inactivation in water is highly dependent on the type of treatment technology used as well as the characteristics of the water to be treated. Wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses carries a significant number of microorganisms posing threats to humans and the environment in general. Therefore, the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater requires the use of appropriate purification systems with high removal efficiency for microbial agents. In this study, the performance of an integrated treatment plant with electrolysis, ultrafiltration, and ultraviolet radiation as the principal treatment units was investigated in terms of microbial inactivation from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. In this case, total microbial number, total coliform bacteria, thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria, pathogenic flora, including salmonella coliphages, spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus were studied. Approximately 63.95% to 99.83% of the microbes were removed by the electrochemical treatment unit as well as a 99.86% to 100% removal efficiency was achieved after the combined treatment. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the only microbial agent detected in the final effluent after the combined treatment. The phenomenon suggests that an upgrade to the treatment plant may be required to achieve 100% removal assurance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important soft fruit crop in Kazakhstan and is cultivated on more than 1.000 ha each year. Gray mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the...

Apples are widely consumed by people all over the world due to their taste and nutritional value. However, apple trees are prone to various environmental stresses, including fungal diseases. Among them, Cytospora canker (or Valsa canker) can cause dieback of branches and twigs. Although Kazakhstan is well known as an origin of apples, very little is known about canker diseases that spread across all commercial orchards. Therefore, an accurate identification of the causal agents of those diseases is needed for further application of informed disease management strategies. In this study, eleven isolates belonging to four Cytospora species were isolated from multiple cultivars, grown in six different orchards within the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. As a result of a multilocus phylogenetic analysis using ITS, LSU and tef1-α marker genes and morphological characterization, these isolates were described as Cytospora parasitica, Cytospora sorbina, Cytospora pruinopsis and Cytospora chrysosperma. Moreover, a pathogenicity test was conducted on detached twigs, and it demonstrated that two of these fungi were highly virulent. Overall, this paper is a first report of the causal agents of apple canker disease in Kazakhstan and could be a trigger for conducting future studies to better understand the disease epidemiology, as well as build management strategies.

The efficiency of microbial inactivation in water is highly dependent on the type of treatment technology used as well as the characteristics of the water to be treated. Wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses carries a significant number of microorganisms posing threat to humans and the environment in general. Therefore, the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater requires the use of appropriate purification systems with high removal efficiency for microbial agents. In this study, the performance of an integrated treatment plant with electrolysis, ultrafiltration, and ultraviolet radiation as the principal treatment units is investigated in terms of microbial inactivation from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. In this case, Total microbial number, Total coliform bacteria, Thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria, Pathogenic flora, including Salmonella coliphages, Spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus were studied. About 63.95% to 99.83% of the microbes were removed by the EC treatment unit, as well as 99.86% to 100% removal efficiency was achieved after the combined treatment. However, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the only microbial agent detected in the final effluent after the combined treatment. The phenomenon suggests that an upgrade to the treatment plant may be required to achieve 100% removal assurance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The efficiency of microbial inactivation in water is highly dependent on the type of treatment technology used as well as the characteristics of the water to be treated. Wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses carries a significant number of microorganisms posing threat to humans and the environment in general. Therefore, the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater requires the use of appropriate purification systems with high removal efficiency for microbial agents. In this study, the performance of an integrated treatment plant with electrolysis, ultrafiltration, and ultraviolet radiation as the principal treatment units is investigated in terms of microbial inactivation from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. In this case, Total microbial number, Total coliform bacteria, Thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria, Pathogenic flora, including Salmonella coliphages, Spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus were studied. About 63.95% to 99.83% of the microbes were removed by the EC treatment unit, as well as 99.86% to 100% removal efficiency was achieved after the combined treatment. However, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the only microbial agent detected in the final effluent after the combined treatment. The phenomenon suggests that an upgrade to the treatment plant may be required to achieve 100% removal assurance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.