Background and Objectives: This study explores the impact of hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and lifestyle factors on stomatognathic system (SS) health. The aim is to determine how pregnancy-related hormonal changes and oral hygiene behaviors affect the onset of stomatognathic issues, such as gingival inflammation (GI) and dental erosion (DE). Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted with 100 pregnant women, divided into two groups: Group A (60 women with significant stomatognathic alterations) and Group B (40 women without such alterations). Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of hormonal levels, oral hygiene habits, and vomiting episodes on stomatognathic health. Results: Age and socioeconomic status showed no significant association with stomatognathic health (p > 0.05). In contrast, elevated levels of estrogen (p = 0.001) and progesterone (p = 0.003) were significantly linked to the severity of stomatognathic changes. Oral hygiene habits also had a statistically significant impact (p = 0.02), while vomiting frequency was not an important factor (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, particularly increased estrogen and progesterone levels, are key predictors of stomatognathic health. These findings suggest that while oral hygiene is important, hormonal fluctuations play a dominant role in influencing stomatognathic system (SS) health during pregnancy.

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition associated with maternal and fetal complications, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, and neonatal risks. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and socio-demographic and medical determinants of GDM in a Romanian cohort. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 200 pregnant women aged 22–43, grouped by demographic and health factors. Data included glucose tolerance tests, hypertension, obesity, and socio-demographic evaluations. Statistical analysis, performed in SPSS with p < 0.05, used logistic regression to assess variable associations. Results: GDM prevalence was 10%, with higher rates in women with obesity (25%, p = 0.03) and hypertension (12%, p = 0.01). Urban living was significantly linked to obesity and hypertension (p = 0.02). Cesarean deliveries occurred in 30% of cases (p = 0.02), and term births accounted for 85% (p = 0.01). Factor analysis identified two key patterns, with urban-related health risks (obesity and hypertension) and socio-demographic vulnerabilities (marital status and rural residence) increasing GDM risk. Conclusions: GDM prevalence underscores the impact of medical and socio-demographic factors, stressing the need for tailored interventions like weight management, glycemic control, and equitable healthcare access to reduce risks and improve outcomes for mothers and infants.

Background/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy, associated with increased risks for both maternal and fetal complications. Insulin resistance plays a central role in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in diagnosing GDM and to explore its correlation with clinical and anthropometric parameters in a Romanian population. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted on 320 pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Based on ADA criteria, participants were divided into 160 with GDM and 160 controls, matched by age and gestational week. Fasting glucose, insulin, BMI, and blood pressure were assessed. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results: HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the GDM group (2.9 vs. 1.8; p < 0.001). It correlated with fasting insulin (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), fasting glucose (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified HOMA-IR as an independent predictor of GDM (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6–3.5, p < 0.001), along with BMI (p = 0.01) and maternal age (p = 0.05). Conclusions: HOMA-IR is significantly associated with GDM and may enhance mid-gestational risk assessment when combined with clinical and anthropometric measures. Further studies are needed to validate its predictive accuracy in broader populations.