➤ The optimal time for the second stage is between 4 and 8 weeks. ➤ Multiple tissue biopsy specimens must be sent for microbiological analysis during both stages of the procedure. ➤ Recurrence of infection requires debridement of the membrane and surrounding soft tissues and reinitiation of the technique (return to first stage). ➤ The bone graft utilized is autologous cancellous pieces or filtered reamer-irrigator-aspirator graft, which can be expanded further with osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic material. ➤ Bone healing of the defect is independent of its size.