This study aims to investigate the interaction between market volatility, economic growth, and cognitive biases over the period from April 2006 to March 2024. Market volatility and economic growth are critical indicators that influence economic stability and investment behavior. Financial market volatility, defined by abrupt and erratic changes in asset values, can have a big impact on the expansion and stability of the economy. According to conventional economic theory, there should be an inverse relationship between market volatility and economic growth since high volatility can discourage investment and erode trust. Market participants’ cognitive biases are a major aspect that complicates this connection. Due to our innate susceptibility to cognitive biases, including herd mentality, overconfidence, and loss aversion, humans can make poor decisions and increase market volatility. These prejudices frequently cause investors to behave erratically and irrationally, departing from reasonable expectations and causing inefficiencies in the market. Cognitive biases have the capacity to sustain feedback loops, which heighten market turbulence and may hinder economic expansion. Similarly, cognitive biases have the potential to cause investors to misread economic indicators or ignore important details, which would increase volatility. This study uses the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model on GDP growth data from the US, the UK, and India, alongside S&P 500, FTSE 100, and NIFTY 50 data sourced from Bloomberg, to examine evidence of these biases. The results show evidence of the predictive nature of market fluctuations on economic performance across the markets and highlight the substantial effects of cognitive biases on market volatility, disregarding economic fundamentals and growth, emphasizing the necessity of considering psychological factors in financial market analyses and developing strategies to mitigate their adverse effects.

There are many factors that affect corporate governance (CG). It is highly difficult to comprehend corporate governance and define it. Yet, research is imperative to understand the changing specific needs of good corporate governance practices and the impact of such practices. As banks have special governance needs, in this study the corporate governance of banks in India has been studied with the help of corporate governance index (GCI) especially designed for banks. Following the method used by Ararat, Black, and Yurtoglu (2017) to investigate the effectiveness of corporate governance, the index was divided into six sub-indices and to test the index it was used to find the correlation of CG practices with the banks profitability measured in terms of return on assets (RAO) and net interest margin (NIM) as dependent variables. The fixed regression model was run to know the relationship between the sub-indices and the dependent variables. Apart from the CG index, capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and Net NPA ratio were taken as independent variables. A weak correlation was found between CG and ROA and NIM that contributes to the findings of Fallatah and Dickins (2012).

With the ever increasing complexity in the financial markets, the concept of corporate governance is carving a niche for itself. Off late, corporate governance has gained increasing attention from regulatory authorities and investors. Consistently over the past few years, regulatory changes have been made for governance practices in India and all over the world. Corporate governance ratings are being published for the ease of investment decisions, and corporate governance indexes are prepared by regulatory & non - regulatory agencies and researchers. In the present study, a corporate governance index for banks in India comprising of six sub - indexes was prepared and a comparison of selected public and private sector banks was done. Using the values of the index, the relation between corporate governance and banks' performance was ascertained using regression. It was found that corporate governance scores for private banks were greater than that of public sector banks, and when comparing the sub - indexes, private sector banks scored more in all of them, except risk management. A weak positive correlation was found between corporate governance and financial performance measured as ROA and NIM, and a significant correlation was found between corporate governance and PBV ratio.

This paper investigates the dynamic conditional correlations and volatility spillovers between global stock markets and international green bonds. Envisaging the linkages between the emerging green bond markets and global equities given the unforeseen global pandemic. We use R software to run bivariate VAR-BEKK GARCH and BEKK GARCH models to investigate the time-varying conditional volatility between global stock indices and green bond indices. Daily prices of all variables from October 2014 to April 2023 are sourced from the Bloomberg database. The short-term influence of past events, as well as the long-term persistence of green bonds, on the current conditional volatility of global equity indices of developed and emerging economies is observed. Whereas from equity markets to green bond indices, the short-term as well as long-term impact is confined to only 2-3 indices. The results provide future direction for policymakers, researchers, and global investors in hedging and creating an optimal portfolio.

Corporate Governance (CG) of banks needs a special attention for many reasons, one of which is that banks are highly vulnerable for financial manipulations. Many factors make up the CG of a firm. It is highly difficult to realize what exactly CG is and define it. Yet, research is essential to understand the rising needs of good CG practices and the impact of such practices. Since many factors make up CG, in this study a CG Index especially designed for banks has been prepared. To know the effectiveness of corporate governance, the index was divided into six sub-indices and to test the index it was used to find correlation of CG practices with firm value measures in terms of price to book value (PBV) and Tobin’s Q as dependent variables. We employed the fixed regression model was run to examine the relationship between the sub-indices and the dependent variables. Apart from CG index, capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and net NPA ratio were also taken as independent variables. Supporting to the existing literature, significantly high correlation was established between CG and PBV and Tobin’s Q, especially by the board of directors and CAR. This study also indicates that the index can be used as proxy for understanding the CG practices of banks in India.​

Many criteria encompass the concept of corporate governance. There is an apprehension that it’s the non-retail investors who would be interested in such governance of firms rather than retail investors, as they hold a small fraction of ownership, usually being passive investors and not in a capacity to influence the management. This study is an attempt to understand the attitude and perception of retail investors in India toward corporate governance practices and for that purpose, a questionnaire was served to consist of a range of corporate governance factors. The data was studied through percentage analysis and chi-square was run. It was established, that retail investors pay attention to corporate governance factors, more importantly to the board of directors, this finding supports the results of Chakraborty et al. (2023). But there is no strong course of action that they prefer to resolve any of their governance-related issues. India, where promoter groups are dominant, has a long way to go to bring out shareholder activism at par with developed markets