Research background. The current commercial scenario indicates an increase in the demand for natural dyes. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural ones have the advantage of being sustainable, making them of great interest for the food and cosmetic industries. The development of new natural dyes is necessary, as well as the carrying out of complementary research regarding the existing ones. Experimental approach. The present study aims to characterize the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the dye obtained from dehydrated endocarp of the genipap (Genipa americana) fruit, as well as perform the relevant stability and cytotoxicity tests. The chemical characterization was performed by HPLC-MS/MS analyses. The stability studies were carried out by spectrophotometry and cytotoxicity assays using cell culture and fluorometric methods. Results and conclusions. After dehydration and milling of the fruit endocarp, water was added to the obtained powder (in the ratio 4:1) to extract the dye. HPLC-MS/MS elucidated five compounds and confirmed the presence of the geniposide as its main compound. With the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis, we characterised the obtained powder as being amorphous and of porous structure with a variable size. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum loss of 61 % mass after exposure to a temperature range from 240 to 760 °C. The obtained blue dye was stable in the absence of light, at room temperature and had neutral pH. In the cytotoxicity assay, (95.0±1.3) % of viable human fibroblast were observed after exposure to this dye. The genipap fruit can be a viable alternative to produce a natural blue dye, since it is easy to obtain and has very low toxicity in food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrates for the first time the physicochemical and biological properties of a natural blue dye from G. americana fruit.

The present study determined the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of the extract obtained from Amazon nut residues. The brown walnut shell of Bertholletia excelsa was collected and extracted sequentially for 48 h with different ethanol:water ratios and the dry extract was obtained by the spray dryer method. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by testing DPPH radicals, ABTS, total phenolics, flavonoids and cellular antioxidant. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to evaluate the protective effect of the extract after induction of liver damage with CCL₄. Biochemical parameters of liver injury and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. In the mass spectrometry study, phenol and organic acids such as protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and citric acid were identified, which contributed to the elimination of free radicals, reducing DPPH and ABTS levels. The cell viability test after treatment with the extract on human fibroblast and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells showed no cytotoxicity. It was observed that the extract inhibited the production of free radicals in human fibroblasts. The dosage of 400 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing serum MDA levels. There was a significant reduction in hepatic biochemical markers in Hepg-2 with the extract tested at concentrations of 100 and 50 µg/mL and in rats there was a reduction after supplementation with the extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg, when subjected to oxidative stress with CCl₄. From the results presented, it can be concluded that Bertholletia excelsa residues can be applied preventively against hepatotoxicity through the prevention of oxidative stress.

Menopause is associated with a progressive decline in estrogen levels, which contributes to increased oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and metabolic and bone alterations that may favor the development of chronic conditions such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the potential risks associated with long-term hormone replacement therapy, the use of nutraceutical formulations containing phytoestrogens and antioxidant compounds has emerged as a potential alternative for the management of menopausal symptoms and associated metabolic alterations. In this context, the present study aimed to conduct the pharmacotechnical and phytochemical characterization of the nutraceutical formulation Ormona^®, as well as to evaluate its antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential, and molecular interactions with biological targets involved in estrogen signaling using integrated in silico and in vitro approaches. Pharmacotechnical analyses included weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration tests in order to evaluate the quality, uniformity, and stability of the formulation. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays. In silico molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the interactions between the bioactive compounds present in the formulation and estrogen receptors and proteins involved in inflammatory pathways. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate cytotoxicity in MRC-5 fibroblasts and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide production in macrophages. The formulation demonstrated satisfactory pharmacotechnical properties, relevant antioxidant activity, low cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells, potential anti-inflammatory activity, and favorable molecular interactions with estrogen receptors and inflammatory targets. These findings suggest that Ormona^® may represent a promising nutraceutical formulation for menopausal health, acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogen receptor-related mechanisms. However, further experimental and clinical studies are necessary to confirm its biological effects and therapeutic potential.